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  • 美国和加拿大的自然地理(2天)

      Chapter Challenges
    ::章次 挑战

    1. Define the physiographic regions of Canada and the United States.
      ::界定加拿大和美国的地理区域。
    2. Explain the two dominant climate patterns in Canada and the United States.
      ::解释一下加拿大和美国两种主要气候模式。
    3. List the three European countries that had the most significant early influence on Canada and the United States.
      ::列出对加拿大和美国早期影响最大的三个欧洲国家。
    4. What parts of the region did the three European countries listed above dominate in Canada and the United States?
      ::上述三个欧洲国家在加拿大和美国占据了哪些区域?
    5. Describe a few of the long-term impacts these three European countries have had in Canada and the United States.
      ::说明这三个欧洲国家在加拿大和美国造成的一些长期影响。
    6. Map the population distribution of Canada and the United States.
      ::加拿大和美国的人口分布图。

    Student Learning Objectives
    ::学生学习目标

      TEKS Regional Unit 03 The United States and Canada Chapter 3.1 Physical Geo of US and Canada
    ::TEKS 区域单位 03 美国和加拿大 美国和加拿大

    WG.1A: analyze significant physical features and environmental conditions that have influenced the past and migration patterns and have shaped the distribution of culture groups today
    ::WG.1A:分析影响过去和移徙模式并影响当今文化群体分布的重要物理特征和环境条件

    WG.1B: trace the spatial diffusion of phenomena such as the Columbian Exchange or the diffusion of American popular culture and describe the effects on regions of contact
    ::WG.1B:追踪哥伦比亚交流或美国流行文化的传播等现象的空间扩散,并描述对接触区域的影响

    WG.4C: explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in different regions
    ::WG.4C:解释气候对不同区域生物群落分布的影响

    WG.5A: analyze how the character of a place is related to its political, economic, social, and cultural elements
    ::第5A工作组:分析一个地方的特征如何与其政治、经济、社会和文化因素相关

    WG.5B: interpret political, economic, social, and demographic indicators (gross domestic product per capita, life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality) to determine the level of development and standard of living in nations
    ::工作组5B:解释政治、经济、社会和人口指标(人均国内生产总值、预期寿命、识字率和婴儿死亡率),以确定各国的发展水平和生活水平

    WG.6A: locate and describe human and physical features that influence the size and distribution of settlements
    ::WG.6A: 定位和描述影响定居点规模和分布的人类和物理特征

    WG.6B: explain the processes that have caused changes in settlement patterns, including urbanization, transportation, access to and availability of resources, and economic activities
    ::WG.6B:解释导致住区模式变化的进程,包括城市化、运输、获得和获得资源以及经济活动

    WG.7B: explain how physical geography and push and pull forces, including political, economic, social, and environmental conditions, affect the routes and flows of human migration
    ::WG.7B:解释实际地理和推拉力量,包括政治、经济、社会和环境条件,如何影响人类移徙路线和流动

    WG.7C: describe trends in world population growth and distribution
    ::WG.7C:描述世界人口的增长和分布趋势

    WG.7D: analyze how globalization affects connectivity, standard of living, pandemics, and loss of local culture
    ::WG.7D:分析全球化如何影响连通性、生活水平、流行病和当地文化的丧失

    WG.9A: identify physical and/or human factors such as climate, vegetation, language, trade networks, political units, river systems, and religion that constitute a region
    ::WG.9A:查明构成区域的气候、植被、语言、贸易网络、政治单位、河流系统和宗教等有形和/或人为因素

    WG.9B: describe different types of regions, including formal, functional, and perceptual regions
    ::WG.9B:描述不同类型的区域,包括正式、功能和概念区域

    WG.13A: interpret maps to explain the division of land, including man‐made and natural borders, into separate political units such as cities, states, or countries
    ::WG.13A:对地图进行解释,以解释土地划分,包括人为和自然边界,分为不同的政治单位,如城市、州或国家

    WG.16A: describe distinctive cultural patterns and landscapes associated with different places in Texas, the United States, and other regions of the world and how these patterns influenced the processes of innovation and diffusion
    ::WG.16A:描述与得克萨斯州、美国和世界其他地区不同地点相关的独特文化模式和景观,以及这些模式如何影响创新和传播进程

    WG.16C: describe life in a variety of urban and rural areas in the world to compare political, economic, social, and environmental changes
    ::WG.16C:描述世界不同城市和农村地区的生活,比较政治、经济、社会和环境变化

    WG.17D: evaluate the experiences and contributions of diverse groups to multicultural societies
    ::17D工作组:评估不同群体对多文化社会的经验和贡献

    WG.18D: evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, language, foods, technology, or global sports
    ::WG.18D:评估文化特征的传播情况,以寻找文化趋同和差异的例子,例如民主思想、语言、食物、技术或全球体育的传播

    WG.19A: evaluate the significance of major technological innovations in the areas of transportation and energy that have been used to modify the physical environment
    ::WG.19A:评估用于改变自然环境的运输和能源领域重大技术革新的重要性

    WG.21C: create and interpret different types of maps to answer geographic questions, infer relationships, and analyze change
    ::WG.21C:建立和解释不同类型的地图,以解答地理问题、推断关系和分析变化

    WG.22A: create appropriate graphics such as maps, diagrams, tables, and graphs to communicate geographic features, distributions, and relationships
    ::WG.22A:创建适当的图形,如地图、图表、表格和图表,以交流地理特征、分布和关系

    WG.22C: use social studies terminology correctly
    ::WG.22C:正确使用社会研究术语

    WG.22D: create original work using effective written communication skills, including proper citations and understanding and avoiding plagiarism
    ::WG.22D:利用有效的书面交流技能,包括适当的引用和理解,并避免损害,创造原始工作

    Physical Geography and Regions of the United States and Canada
    ::美国和加拿大的自然地理和地区

    and the  are divided into a number of physiographic provinces with distinct landforms. A physiographic province is a geographic region with characteristic geomorphology, and often a specific subsurface rock type or structural elements. The western part of the continent is marked by north-south mountain ranges in the , , the , the , and the in between.
    ::大陆西部以北南山脉为特征,分布在 、 、 、 和 之间。

    The eastern portion of North America is defined by the ancient , a mountain range that is much less rugged than the Rockies, but with no less influence on the history and development of the United States. The interior of the continent is characterized by plains— . To the north is the , geologically the oldest part of North America, and a sparsely populated area with poor soils. At the southern and eastern edge of the continent is the , a relatively flat zone that extends from to .
    ::北美洲的东部地区由古代界定,这个山脉远不如落基山脉那么崎岖,但对美国的历史和发展具有同样大的影响,非洲大陆的内地以平原为特征,北部是北美洲最古老的地质地区,人口稀少,土壤贫瘠。

    There are various in and the . The climates include type A, type B, type C, and type E. In general, there are two different climate patterns common in North America. The first pattern is that temperatures get warmer as you travel from north to south and get closer to the equator. The second pattern is that there is a decrease in precipitation as you move from east to west across the continent until you reach the , where rainfall is abundant again.
    ::气候包括A型、B型、C型和E型。一般而言,北美有两种不同的气候模式。第一种模式是温度从北向南向南、靠近赤道时会变暖。第二种模式是降水量会减少,因为从东向西移动,直到到达降雨量再次充沛的北美。

    By Adam Peterson [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons

    This Köppen climate map illustrates the climate types found in Canada.
    ::这个Köppen气候图说明了在加拿大发现的气候类型。

    By Adam Peterson [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons

    This Köppen climate map illustrates the climate types found in the United States.
    ::这个Köppen气候图说明了在美国发现的气候类型。

    The of the western mountain ranges creates the second climate pattern. As wet air masses move from the over the North American continent, they run into the . The Cascade ranges of and cut off moisture from falling on the leeward side of the mountains creating a semi-arid condition in eastern Washington and eastern Oregon.
    ::西山山脉形成第二个气候模式。 当潮湿的空气团从北美大陆上空移动时,它们进入了北美大陆。 连带水分从山的向上倾斜,切断了水分,在华盛顿东部和俄勒冈东部形成半干旱状态。

    The western United States experiences a strong rain shadow effect. As the air rises over the mountains, water vapor condenses and returns to the earth as rain or snow. This means that west of these mountain ranges there is much more precipitation than to their east, resulting in arid and semi-arid lands. The entire Great Plains of the western United States is a semi-arid, type B climate because of the rain shadow effect.
    ::美国西部经历了强烈的雨影效应,随着山上空气的上升,水蒸汽凝结,以雨水或雪的形式返回地球,这意味着这些山脉以西的降水量比以东多得多,导致干旱和半干旱土地。 由于雨影效应,整个美国西部大平原都是半干旱的B型气候。

    European Realms in Canada and the United States
    ::加拿大和美国的欧洲王国

    Both the United States and Canada are products of . Many Native American groups inhabited North America before the Europeans arrived. Complex native societies, federations, and traditional local groups faced the European invasion. While the indigenous population of North America was robust at the time of the European encounter, within a few generations, the diseases, weapons, and sheer numbers of the European arrivals overwhelmed the native peoples.
    ::美国和加拿大都是美国和加拿大的产物。 许多北美土著群体在欧洲人抵达之前就居住在北美。 复杂的本地社会、联合会和传统的本地群体面临着欧洲入侵。 在欧洲遭遇到时,北美的土著人口在几代人的时间里非常活跃,但疾病、武器和大量欧洲人抵达的欧洲人却淹没了本地人。

    The Europeans—mainly the Spanish, French, and British—left a strong imprint on their North American colonies. The oldest colonial city in North America is St. Augustine, Florida, founded by Spain in 1565 when Florida was a remote portion of the Spanish Americas. Spain also had outposts in what are now , , , and Texas. The forms of settlement characteristic of those areas were similar to the Spanish colonies of Central America.
    ::欧洲人 — — 主要是西班牙、法国和英国人 — — 在其北美殖民地留下了一个强烈的印记。 北美最古老的殖民地城市是佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁(St. Augustine ) , 由西班牙于1565年创立,当时佛罗里达州是西班牙美洲的偏远地区。 西班牙在现在、现在和得克萨斯州都设有前哨基地。 这些地区的定居形式与中美洲的西班牙殖民地相似。

     

    By Detroit Publishing Co. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

    This picture is of the historic Alcazar Hotel, located in St. Augustine, Florida. It is an 1898 photochrome postcard published by the Detroit Photographic Company. This hotel shows the Spanish influence on St. Augustine, Florida.
    ::这张图片是位于佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁的具有历史意义的Alcazar旅馆,是底特律摄影公司出版的1898年一张光色明信片,显示西班牙对佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁的影响。

     

    While Spain governed what is now the southern United States, France ruled Canada and much of the interior of the North American continent. The French first came to Canada in the late 1500s to engage in fishing in the North Atlantic and soon expanded their reach by creating a fur trade in the area surrounding the and throughout the system.
    ::虽然西班牙统治着现在的美国南部,但法国统治着加拿大和北美大陆的大部分内地。 法国人最早于1500年代末来到加拿大,在北大西洋捕鱼,不久通过在环绕地区和整个系统建立毛皮贸易,扩大了捕捞范围。

    Although there were fewer settlers from France than from other European countries—especially in what became the United States—this French era left behind place names like and , patterns of land use, and a . Despite the early influence of Spain and France in Canada and the United States, most of the population speaks English as their native language because of Britain’s colonial dominance. , the earliest permanent British colony, was founded in 1607.
    ::尽管法国的定居者比其他欧洲国家的定居者少 — — 特别是在后来成为美国的美国 — — 但这个法国时代留下了类似和(或)土地使用模式以及(或)一个彩蛋 的地名。 尽管西班牙和法国在加拿大和美国的早期影响力,但由于英国的殖民统治,大多数居民的母语是英语。 最早的英国永久殖民地 — — 最早的英国殖民地 — — 建于1607年。

    The British built up a successful empire in the New World. Their 13 American colonies became populous, economically robust, and militarily strong enough to gain independence in 1776. Canada functions as an independent country, but it remains part of the British Commonwealth.
    ::英国在新世界中建立了一个成功的帝国。 他们的13个美国殖民地在1776年成为人口众多、经济强劲、军事实力强大足以获得独立的国家。 加拿大作为一个独立国家运作,但它仍然是英联邦的一部分。

     

    By Pinpin [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

    This map illustrates the colonial empire of the English, French, and Spanish in North America.
    ::该地图说明了北美的英、法和西班牙殖民帝国。

    Population Distribution in North America
    ::北美洲人口分布

    The surpassed the 325 million mark in 2017. Canada now has over 36 million people. From 2015 to 2016, 2.2 million people were added to the US population. A little less than half of the growth is due to immigration and the rest is to birth rates. The pace of growth is slower than the world average but more rapid than many other industrialized countries such as those in Europe. In fact, the US is the third most populous country in the world.
    ::2017年的增长率超过了3亿2千5百万。 加拿大现在人口超过3,600万。 从2015年到2016年,美国人口增加了220万。 增长的不到一半是移民,其余是出生率。 增长速度比世界平均水平慢,但比欧洲等其他工业化国家的增长速度要快。 事实上,美国是世界上人口第三多的国家。

    The population is not uniformly spread over North America. Most Canadians live in proximity to the US border. The North American population tends to be clustered in cities, with about 80 percent of US citizens living in urban and suburban areas. Additionally, over time, the population has been moving southward and westward. States in the US experiencing the greatest rates of population growth include those located on the southern portion of the , as well as Texas, , , California, Oregon, and Washington.
    ::人口分布不一地分布在北美。 大多数加拿大人居住在美国边境附近。 北美人口往往集中在城市,大约80%的美国公民生活在城市和郊区。 此外,随着时间的推移,人口一直在向南和向西移动。 美国人口增长率最高的州包括位于美国南部以及得克萨斯州、加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿的州。

    Three states—California, Texas, and Florida—account for about one-third of the entire US population growth since 1990. Nonetheless, the Northeast is the most densely populated area of the country. This is due in large part to the megalopolis that forms the corridor from Washington, D.C. to Boston. The largest concentration of Canadians lives in the most southern-reaching province of Ontario. For this reason, Ontario is often referred to as South Canada.
    ::三个州——加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州和佛罗里达州——约占美国1990年以来人口增长总量的三分之一,但东北部是美国人口最稠密的地区,这在很大程度上是由于从华盛顿特区到波士顿的走廊构成的特大城市,加拿大人主要集中在安大略省最南端的省份,因此,安大略省经常被称为南加拿大。

    In general, the population of minorities is growing most rapidly. Some of the fastest-growing populations in the United States are Hispanics. Another interesting factor in population growth is the increase in life expectancy. As more people live longer, the growth of the segment of the population aged 65 has doubled in the last 50 years. However, it appears that the growth of this population segment is slowing. Of this group, the greatest increase was seen in people aged 85 years and older.
    ::总的来说,少数民族人口增长最快,美国一些增长最快的人口是西班牙裔人口,人口增长的另一个有趣的因素是预期寿命的延长,随着寿命的延长,65岁人口的增长速度在过去50年中翻了一番,不过,这一人口部分的增长似乎正在放缓,这一群体中,85岁及以上人口的增长幅度最大。

    The American population tends to be on the move, although moving fell to an all-time low according to 2016 data from the . Data also indicates that Americans will move to a metropolitan area. Urbanization has been a trend since the 1950s. Until that time, most Americans lived in small towns or rural settings. The population density of the cities, especially the suburban areas, has grown steadily since that time, bringing about a rural-to-urban population shift. Now, a significant majority of people in North America live in suburban areas.
    ::美国人口往往在迁移,尽管根据2016年的数据,人口向往下降到历史最低点。 数据还表明美国人将迁移到大都市地区。 城市化自1950年代以来就是一个趋势。 在此之前,大多数美国人居住在小城镇或农村。 自那时以来,城市人口密度,特别是郊区人口密度稳步增长,导致农村人口向城市的转移。 如今,北美绝大多数人口居住在郊区。

    Urbanization has brought some challenges. The layout of cities and their suburbs often makes owning a car a necessity. Thus, traffic congestion is a major problem. Other issues that have arisen are overcrowded schools, racial tensions, and a widening economic gap between the rich and the poor. As people move to cities, housing and other resources might not be able to meet demand, forcing prices to be more expensive. The margin between the cost of living in an urban area and the population’s ability to afford it has contributed to poverty and homelessness. Environmental issues also abound, including how to reduce or eliminate smog, manage waste, and ensure .
    ::城市化带来了一些挑战。城市及其郊区的布局往往使得拥有汽车成为必要。 因此,交通拥堵是一个大问题。 出现的其他问题包括学校过度拥挤、种族紧张以及贫富之间经济差距的扩大。 随着人们迁往城市,住房和其他资源可能无法满足需求,迫使价格更昂贵。 城市生活费用与人口支付能力之间的差额导致了贫困和无家可归。 环境问题也很多,包括如何减少或消除烟雾、管理垃圾和确保环境安全。

      Key Takeaways
    ::密钥外出

    • The United States and Canada have mountain ranges along their eastern and western portions, with lowlands in the middle.
      ::美国和加拿大东部和西部有山脉,中部为低地。
    • In general, temperatures get cooler as you move from south to north, and the climate gets more arid as you move from east to west across the continent.
      ::总的来说,温度随着从南向北的移动而变凉, 气候也随着从东向西的移动而变得更干燥。
    • The Spanish were the earliest Europeans to establish a permanent settlement in North America. They controlled the territory in the southern edge of what is now the United States, and their influence is still felt today through the Mexican American culture in that region.
      ::西班牙是最早在北美建立永久定居点的欧洲人。 他们控制着现在美国南端的领土,如今,他们的影响仍然通过该地区的墨西哥美洲文化而感受到。
    • The French colonized eastern Canada, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi River Valley.
      ::法国殖民统治的加拿大东部、大湖和密西西比河谷。
    • Although the number of settlers was small outside Quebec, French place names, and French land-use patterns are still evident.
      ::虽然在魁北克以外的定居者人数很少,但法国地名和法国土地使用模式仍然很明显。
    • The British colonized the eastern coast of what became the United States. The number of English-speaking settlers was so high that the English culture dominated the region and left a strong long-term impact in terms of language, religion, and many other cultural aspects.
      ::英国在成为美国的东海岸殖民,说英语的定居者人数如此之多,以至于英语文化在这一地区占主导地位,在语言、宗教和许多其他文化方面留下了巨大的长期影响。
    • The millions of people living in both Canada and the United States are not evenly distributed.
      ::生活在加拿大和美国的数百万人分布不均匀。
    • More of the population continues to migrate into urban areas.
      ::更多的人口继续移徙到城市地区。
    • Minority groups are the fastest-growing segment of the population.
      ::少数群体是人口中增长最快的部分。

    Vocabulary Terms
    ::词汇术语术语

      Chapter 3.1 Physical Geography of the US and Canada
    ::第3.1章 美国和加拿大的自然地理地理

    1. cultural convergence: a process of cultures becoming more alike
      ::文化融合:文化进程变得更为相似
    2. cultural diffusion: the process by which culture is spread
      ::文化传播:文化传播的过程
    3. cultural divergence: a process in which cultural groups distinguish themselves from other culture groups                                                                                                                            
      ::文化差异:文化群体与其他文化群体区别的进程
    4. demographics: statistical data about human populations
      ::人口统计:人口统计数据
    5. indigenous: originating in a particular region
      ::原生于某一地区
    6. megalopolis: a very large urban region consisting of several adjoining cities and suburbs
      ::大城市:由几个相邻城市和郊区构成的庞大城市地区
    7. migration: movement from one place to another
      ::移徙:从一个地方到另一个地方的移徙
    8. multicultural: inclusion of a variety of cultures
      ::多文化:融合多种文化
    9. settlement patterns: the spatial distribution of where humans inhabit the Earth
      ::住区模式:人类居住地球的空间分布
    10. urbanization: the process of increasing human settlement in cities
      ::城市化:增加城市人类住区的进程

    Applying Knowledge
    ::应用知识

    Interactive Notebook Activities
    List the physiographic regions of Canada and the United States.
    ::互动说明手册活动列出了加拿大和美国的地理区域。

    1. List the two dominant climate patterns in Canada and the United States.
      ::列出加拿大和美国两种主要气候模式。
    2. Identify the three European countries that had the most significant early influence on Canada and the United States.
      ::查明早期对加拿大和美国影响最大的三个欧洲国家。
    3. Describe the region that the three European countries listed above dominated early on in Canada and the United States.
      ::说明上述三个欧洲国家在加拿大和美国早期占主导地位的区域。
    4. Summarize the legacies these three European countries have had in Canada and the United States.
      ::概述这三个欧洲国家在加拿大和美国的遗产。
    5. Map the population distribution of the United States and Canada.
      ::美国和加拿大的人口分布图。

    Discussion and Study Questions
    ::讨论和研究问题

    1. Who were the three main European colonizers of what became the United States and Canada?
      ::成为美国和加拿大的三大欧洲殖民者是谁?
    2. Where was each European colonizer most influential?
      ::每个欧洲殖民者在哪里最有影响力?
    3. Describe the long-term impacts of each European power in Canada and the United States.
      ::说明每个欧洲大国在加拿大和美国的长期影响。
    4. What is the main reason the Great Plains and the western part of the United States are so arid?
      ::大平原和美国西部如此干旱的主要原因是什么?
    5. What three states had the highest population growth since 2000?
      ::自2000年以来,哪些三个州的人口增长率最高?
    6. What segment of the population has doubled in the past 50 years?
      ::过去50年中,哪些人口部分翻了一番?
    7. What are the current populations of Canada and the United States?
      ::加拿大和美国目前的人口是多少?
    8. What problems has urbanization caused in Canada and the United States?
      ::在加拿大和美国,城市化造成了哪些问题?
    9. Why do millions of people move within the United States each year?
      ::为什么每年有数百万人在美国境内流动?
    10. Why do most Canadians live near the US border?
      ::为什么大多数加拿大人住在美国边境附近?

    Real-World Geography Exercise
    ::现实世界地理演习

    Using , locate each one of the places below. Calculate the distance and how long it would take you to drive from your house to each one of these locations (or the nearest metropolis located in the region). Next, using , determine the latitude and longitude for each location. Be prepared to share and discuss your answers.
    ::使用 , 确定下面每个位置的位置。 计算您从家里开到每个位置( 或附近所在地区的大都市)的距离和时间。 下一步, 使用 , 确定每个位置的纬度和经度 。 准备分享和讨论您的答案 。

    • Appalachian Highlands
      ::阿巴拉契亚高原
    • Canadian Shield
      ::加拿大盾牌公司
    • Great Lakes
      ::大湖区大湖区
    • Great Plains
      ::大平原
    • Atlantic Coastal Plain
      ::大西洋沿岸平原
    • Interior Lowlands
      ::内陆低地
    • Intermontane Basins and Plateaus
      ::蒙特莱蒙河流域和高原
    • Mississippi River
      ::密西西西比河
    • Pacific Mountains and Valleys
      ::太平洋山脉和山谷
    • Rocky Mountains
      ::落岩山脉

    Mapping Exercise
    ::绘图绘制作业

      Mapping Our World ESRI-ARGIS Online Module 3 Lesson 2
    ::绘制我们世界的ESRI-ARGIS在线单元3

    : In this activity, students will analyze the variable patterns of precipitation in South Asia that result from the region’s seasonal monsoon winds. As the students investigate those patterns, they will explore relationships between rainfall and physical features and analyze the climate’s impact on agriculture and population
    :::在这一活动中,学生将分析南亚季节季风风造成的南亚降雨量变化模式。 学生们在调查这些模式时,将探讨降雨与物理特征之间的关系,分析气候对农业和人口的影响。

    Videos for Geography Enrichment
    ::地理丰富视频

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Helpful Websites for the Study of Geography
    ::地理研究有用网站

    is an encyclopedia funded by the Canadian government covering all branches of knowledge.  Their scholarly collection includes interactive materials.
    ::该百科全书由加拿大政府资助,涵盖所有知识分支,其学术收藏包括交互式材料。

    provides information on the people, history, government, economy, energy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for the world's entities.
    ::向世界各实体提供关于人民、历史、政府、经济、能源、地理、通信、运输、军事和跨国问题的资料。

    is a US government website where you can find federal legislation, past and present, as well as information about the US legal system.
    ::是一个美国政府的网站,您可以在此找到过去和现在的联邦立法以及关于美国法律制度的信息。

    is a government agency website that provides current news, resources, topics of interest, information about drugs, careers in the DEA, and a tip hotline.
    ::是一个政府机构网站,提供最新消息、资源、感兴趣的话题、毒品信息、在缉毒局的职业以及一条小费热线。

    is the largest library in the world and provides manuscripts, files, information, pictures, and videos.
    ::图书馆是世界上最大的图书馆,提供手稿、文件、信息、图片和录像。

      is a US government agency website that allows users to search for and retrieve satellite images of Earth. 
    ::这是一个美国政府机构的网站,用户可以搜索和检索地球的卫星图像。

    is a US government website that provides historical documents, photos, records, publications, and educator resources.
    ::这是一个美国政府网站,提供历史文件、照片、记录、出版物和教育资源。

    is a US government agency website that provides weather-related information and ocean research.
    ::是一个提供气象信息和海洋研究的美国政府机构网站。

      is a website by the United States Geological Survey and other federal, state, and local agencies that delivers topographic information for the United States.
    ::这是美国地质调查局和其他联邦、州和地方机构为美国提供地形信息的网站。

      is a massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations.  
    ::是一个庞大的中央数据源,是用图形比较国家的一种方便方式。

    is a website that measures most locations in the world for air pollution in real time.
    ::是一个实时测量世界上大多数空气污染地点的网站。

      is a unique statistical databas,e which allows you to research and compare a multitude of different data on US states. 
    ::这是一个独特的统计数据库, 使你能够研究和比较美国各州的多种不同数据。

    is an international organization founded in 1945 and made up of 193 member states. The UN maintains international peace and security, protects human rights, delivers humanitarian aid, promotes sustainable development, and upholds international law.
    ::联合国是一个国际组织,成立于1945年,由193个成员国组成。 联合国维护国际和平与安全,保护人权,提供人道主义援助,促进可持续发展,维护国际法。

     is a US government agency that provides a population clock, data, surveys, statistics, a library with information and infographics, news about the economy, and much more. 
    ::这是一个美国政府机构,它提供人口钟、数据、调查、统计、一个拥有信息和信息资料的图书馆、关于经济的新闻,以及更多。

    is a US government agency website that provides scientific information about the natural hazards that threaten lives, the natural resources we rely on, the health of our ecosystems and environment, and the impacts of climate and land-use change.
    ::这是一个美国政府机构的网站,提供科学信息,说明威胁生命的自然危害、我们赖以生存的自然资源、生态系统和环境的健康以及气候和土地使用变化的影响。

    is a US government website that provides the latest presidential news, information about the budget, policy, defense, and many more topics.
    ::提供最新总统新闻、预算、政策、国防等资讯, 以及更多议题。

    is under the United Nations and provides leadership on matters critical to health, shapes the research agenda on health, and monitors the health situation and assessing health trends around the world. Their website provides information on the state of health around the world, outbreaks, current health news, and more.
    ::网站提供世界各地卫生状况、疫情爆发、最新卫生新闻等信息。

    is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. The website provides information on the history of the multilateral trading system, featured videos, news and events, trade topics, and more.
    ::该网站提供关于多边贸易体系历史的信息、视频、新闻和事件、贸易专题等等。