章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 病菌进化

    Mold growing on a piece of bread, illustrating early fungi characteristics.

    What were early fungi like?
    ::早期真菌是什么样子的?

    Early probably lived in . And they were most likely single-celled organisms . Maybe they lived on dead and decaying material. Obviously, at least in overall size and structure, a is very different than a mushroom . Could early fungi have been similar to a mold?
    ::很可能早期就生活在其中。它们很可能是单细胞生物。也许它们生活在死亡和腐烂的物质上。显然,至少在整体大小和结构上,它们与蘑菇非常不同。早期真菌是否和模具相似?

    Evolution of Fungi
    ::蘑菇进化

    evidence suggests that almost all fungi have a single common ancestor . The earliest fungi may have evolved about 600 million years ago or even earlier. They were probably with a flagellum . Fungi first colonized the land at least 460 million years ago, around the same time as plants. of fungi date back almost 400 million years (see Figure ). Starting about 250 million years ago, the shows fungi were abundant in many places. They may have been the dominant life forms on Earth at that time.
    ::证据表明几乎所有真菌都有一个共同的祖先。 最早的真菌可能在6亿年前甚至更早之前就已经进化了。 它们很可能是一只白。 蘑菇在4亿年前首次将这片土地殖民化, 大约与植物一样。 真菌大约可以追溯到4亿年前( 见图 ) 。 从大约2.5亿年前开始, 显示真菌在许多地方是丰富的。 它们可能是当时地球上的主要生命形式。

    Fossilized fungi in rock, preserved from 396 million years ago in Scotland.

    This rock contains fossilized fungi. The fungi lived 396 million years ago in what is now Scotland. They were preserved when they were covered with lava from a volcano. The lava cooled and hardened into rock.
    ::这块岩石含有化石化真菌。真菌在现在的苏格兰生活了3.96亿年前。当它们被火山的熔岩覆盖时,它们被保存起来了。熔岩冷却,硬化成岩石。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Almost all fungi have a single common ancestor.
      ::几乎所有真菌都有一个共同的祖先
    • The earliest fungi may have evolved about 600 million years ago.
      ::最早的真菌可能在大约6亿年前就已经进化了。
    • Fungi colonized land at least 460 million years ago.
      ::至少4亿6千万年前,
    • By 250 million years ago, they may have been the dominant life forms on Earth.
      ::到了2.5亿年前,它们可能是地球上最主要的生命形式。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Summarize the evolution of fungi.
      ::总结真菌的进化过程