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  • 植物组织

    Cross section of an Acorus root showing plant tissue cells in abstract patterns.

    What is this abstract pattern?
    ::这个抽象模式是什么?

    Is it just a random artistic piece? Is it a depiction of a pattern of bubbles? Would you believe it is part of a plant? It is actually a cross section of an Acorus root. And these are all . Cells that have come together to form a tissue , with a specific function. What do you think is the main function of tissue in a plant's root?
    ::这只是一个随机的艺术作品吗?它是一个气泡模式的描述吗?你相信它是植物的一部分吗?它其实是Acorus根的交叉部分。这些都是。细胞聚集在一起形成组织,具有特定功能。你认为植物根组织的主要功能是什么?

    Plant Tissues
    ::植物组织

    As for all , your body is made of four types of tissue: epithelial, muscle, nerve , and connective tissues . Plants, too, are built of tissues, but not surprisingly, their very different lifestyles derive from different kinds of tissues. All three types of plant cells are found in most plant tissues. Three major types of plant tissues are dermal, ground, and .
    ::至于所有,你的身体是由四种类型的组织组成的:上皮组织、肌肉组织、神经组织、连接组织。 植物也由组织组成,但毫不奇怪,它们截然不同的生活方式来自不同的组织。所有三种植物细胞都存在于大多数植物组织中。三种主要类型的植物组织是皮肤组织、地面组织,还有皮肤组织。

    Dermal Tissue
    ::皮肤组织

    covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis . You can think of the epidermis as the plant’s skin. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment. Epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called cuticle , which coats, waterproofs, and protects the above-ground parts of plants. Cuticle helps prevent loss, abrasions, infections, and damage from toxins.
    ::植物的外层是植物的一层细胞,叫做皮层。你可以将皮层看作是植物的皮肤。它能调节植物与环境之间的大部分相互作用。 皮细胞将一种叫做切片的蜡状物质秘密起来,它叫做外衣、防水剂和保护植物的地面部分。 皮层有助于防止毒素的流失、磨损、感染和损害。

    This tissue includes several types of specialized cells. Pavement cells, large, irregularly shaped parenchymal cells which lack , make up the majority of the epidermis. Within the epidermis, thousands of pairs of bean-shaped schlerenchymal guard cells swell and shrink by to open and close stomata , tiny pores which control the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases and the release of water vapor. The lower surfaces of some leaves contain as many as 100,000 stomata per square centimeter.
    ::这种组织包括几类专门细胞:草原细胞,缺乏的大型、不固定形状的近角细胞,占上皮细胞的大多数。在上皮细胞中,成千上万对豆形的沙林皮质动物保护细胞膨胀,通过缩缩来打开和关闭stomata,小孔,控制氧气和二氧化碳气体的交换以及水蒸气的释放。一些叶子的下表层每平方厘米含有多达10万平方厘米的托马塔。

    Micrograph of plant epidermis showing pavement cells and guard cells controlling stomata.

    The epidermis of Arabidopsis shows both pavement cells (A) and stomata made of sclerenchymal guard cells (B), which control water loss and gas exchange.
    ::Arabidopsis的面部表明,由控制水流失和气体交换的心胸细胞(B)组成的人行道细胞(A)和石门细胞(stomata)都是由控制水流失和气体交换的细胞(B)制成的。

    Ground Tissue
    ::地面组织

    makes up much of the interior of a plant and carries out basic metabolic functions. Ground tissue in provides support and may store food or water. Ground tissues in may also store food.
    ::地面组织提供支持,可能储存食物或水,地面组织也可能储存食物。

    Vascular Tissue
    ::血管组织

    Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. Your body was able to grow from a single cell to perhaps 100 trillion cells because, 21 days after , a tiny heart began to pump throughout your tiny self – and it hasn’t stopped since. The blood it pumps carries water, oxygen and nutrients to each one of your trillions of cells, and removes CO 2 and other wastes. Of course plants don’t have hearts, but they do have vessels that transport water, minerals , and nutrients through the plant. These vessels are the vascular tissue, and consist of xylem and phloem . Xylem and phloem are packaged together in bundles, as shown in Figure .
    ::血管组织穿透植物中的地面组织。你的身体从一个细胞成长到大约100万亿个细胞,因为21天之后,一个小心脏开始在你的小细胞中跳动 — — 从那时起就一直没有停止。 它的血液携带着水、氧气和营养物质到你数万亿个细胞中的每一个细胞,并清除了二氧化碳和其他废物。 当然,植物没有心脏,但是它们有通过植物输送水、矿物和营养物的船只。 这些船只是血管组织,由xylem和phloem组成。 Xyem和phloem被包装在一起,如图所示。

    Celery stalk showing vascular tissue bundles of xylem and phloem amidst ground tissue.

    Bundles of xylem and phloem run through the ground tissue inside this stalk of celery. What function do these tissues serve?
    ::土质和面膜的包囊穿透了地底组织 存在于这块切菜的尾巴里。这些组织能起到什么作用?

      

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The three types of plant cells are found in each of the major types of plant tissues: dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
      ::三种类型的植物细胞存在于每一种主要类型的植物组织中:皮肤、地面和血管组织。
    • Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis. It mediates most of the interactions between a plant and its environment.
      ::皮肤组织覆盖植物外部的单层细胞,称为皮皮细胞,它调节植物与其环境的大多数相互作用。
    • Ground tissue makes up most of the interior of a plant. It carries out basic metabolic functions and stores food and water.
      ::地面组织占工厂内大部分,从事基本代谢功能,储存食物和水。
    • Vascular tissue runs through the ground tissue inside a plant. It consists of bundles of xylem and phloem, which transport fluids throughout the plant.
      ::血管组织穿透工厂内的地面组织,由横贯工厂输送液体的xylem和phloem捆包组成。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Compare dermal, ground, and vascular tissues of plants.
      ::比较植物的皮肤、地面和血管组织
    2. What is cuticle? What is its role?
      ::什么是可爱?它的作用是什么?
    3. What are guard cells and stomata?
      ::什么是看守所和Stomata?
    4. An important concept in biology is that form follows function. In other words, the structure of an organism, or part of an organism, depends on its function. Apply this concept to plants, and explain why plants have different types of cells and tissues.
      ::生物学中的一个重要概念就是该形态的功能。 换句话说,一个有机体的结构,或一个有机体的一部分,取决于它的功能。 将这个概念应用到植物中,并解释为什么植物有不同类型的细胞和组织。
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