5.3 欧洲联盟和超民族主义(2天)
章节大纲
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Chapter Challenges
::章次 挑战-
Describe how Europe has been divided during the 20th century.
::描述欧洲在20世纪中是如何分裂的。 -
Describe the measures or methods that have been implemented to help unify Europe.
::说明为帮助统一欧洲而采取的措施或方法。 -
Explain the dynamics of supranationalism and its advantages and disadvantages.
::解释超国家主义的动态及其利弊。 -
Summarize briefly how globalization has increased with the advent of the European Union.
::简要总结一下随着欧洲联盟的到来全球化是如何增长的。
Student Learning Objectives
::学生学习目标TEKS Regional World Geography Unity 05: Europe Chapter 5.3 European Union and Supranationalism
::TEKS 区域世界地理统一:欧洲 欧洲联盟和超民族主义第5.3章WG.10A Describe the forces that determine the distribution of goods and services in free enterprise, socialist, and communist economic systems.
::WG.10A 描述决定自由企业、社会主义和共产主义经济体系中货物和服务分配的势力。WG.10D Compare global trade patterns over time and examine the implications of globalization, including outsourcing and free trade zones.
::WG.10D 比较一段时间的全球贸易格局,审查全球化的影响,包括外包和自由贸易区。WG.11B Identify the factors affecting the location of different types of economic activities, including subsistence and commercial agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries.
::WG.11B 查明影响不同类型经济活动地点的因素,包括生计和商业农业、制造业和服务业。WG.11C Assess how changes in climate, resources, and infrastructure (technology, transportation, and communication) affect the location and patterns of economic activities.
::WG.11C 评估气候、资源和基础设施(技术、运输和通信)的变化如何影响经济活动的地点和模式。WG.12A Analyze how the creation, distribution, and management of key natural resources affects the location and patterns of movement of products, money, and people.
::WG.12A 分析关键自然资源的创造、分配和管理如何影响产品、货币和人员流动的地点和模式。WG.14A Analyze current events to infer the physical and human processes that lead to the formation of boundaries and other political divisions.
::WG.14A 分析当前事件,以推断导致形成边界和其他政治分裂的物质和人类过程。WG.14C Analyze the human and physical factors that influence the power to control territory and resources, create conflict/war, and impact international political relations of sovereign nations such as China, the United States, Japan, and Russia and organized nation groups such as the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU).
::WG.14C 分析影响控制领土和资源的权力、制造冲突/战争、影响中国、美国、日本和俄罗斯等主权国家的国际政治关系以及影响联合国(联合国)和欧洲联盟(欧盟)等有组织国家集团的国际政治关系的人力和物质因素。WG.15A Identify and give examples of different points of view that influence the development of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and international levels.
::WG.15A 查明并举例说明影响地方、州、国家和国际各级公共政策和决策进程发展的不同观点。WG.15B Explain how citizenship practices, public policies, and decision making may be influenced by cultural beliefs, including nationalism and patriotism.
::WG.15B 解释公民身份做法、公共政策和决策如何受文化信仰,包括民族主义和爱国主义的影响。WG.23A Use case studies and GIS to identify contemporary challenges and to answer real-world questions.
::WG.23A 利用个案研究和地理信息系统查明当代的挑战并回答现实世界的问题。WG.22A Design and draw appropriate graphics, such as maps, diagrams, tables, and graphs to communicate geographic features, distributions, distributions, and relationships.
::WG.22A 设计和绘制适当的图形,如地图、图表、表格和图表,以交流地理特征、分布、分布和关系。WG.22C Use geographic terminology correctly.
::WG.22C 正确使用地理术语。WG.22D Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.
::WG.22D 使用标准语法、拼写、句子结构和标点。The European Union and Supranationalism
::欧洲联盟和超民族主义The world economy has a competitive marketplace. Each independent country has to compete economically to earn national income, but not all countries are equal in natural or human resources. The smaller countries of Europe may have difficulty competing with the world’s core economic powers such as Japan or the United States. Some of the countries of Europe are small in terms of physical area. The total physical area of all the European countries together equals only 60 percent of the total physical area of the United States. However, in regard to Europe, physical size may not an indicator of economic ability. A number of European countries are major forces in the global economy.
::世界经济具有竞争性的市场。 每个独立国家都必须进行经济竞争,以赚取国民收入,但并非所有国家都在自然或人力资源方面平等。欧洲小国可能难以与日本或美国等世界核心经济强国竞争。一些欧洲国家在物质面积方面规模较小。所有欧洲国家的总实际面积总共只相当于美国总实际面积的60%。然而,就欧洲而言,实际面积可能不是经济能力的一个指标。一些欧洲国家是全球经济的主要力量。The economic forces of globalization have motivated the nation-states of Europe to work together rather than compete with each other. Western Europe as a region is highly industrialized and has a high standard of living. Unified, the countries are a major economic power in the world. Separately and independently, they may not be able to compete at the same level as other globally recognized trading blocs.
::全球化的经济力量促使欧洲的民族国家共同努力,而不是相互竞争。 西欧作为一个地区高度工业化,生活水平很高。 统一起来,这些国家是世界的主要经济大国。 单独和独立地,它们可能无法与其他全球公认的贸易集团进行同等水平的竞争。To become unified after a century of centrifugal forces dividing them has not been easy. Consider the cultural forces that have been active in Europe. Centripetal forces unifying the realm include a common Christian religion, Indo-European language groups, and a Caucasian ethnic background. These forces have not resulted in a unified Europe. The closest resemblance to a unified Europe was the Roman Empire, which was held together by military force.
::经过一个世纪的离心力量分裂后,统一起来并不容易。 想想在欧洲活跃的文化力量。 统一王国的三元力量包括基督教、印度-欧洲语言群体和高加索族裔背景。 这些力量并没有导致统一的欧洲。 与统一欧洲最相似的是罗马帝国,它由军队联合在一起。During the 20th century, there were three centrifugal divisions in Europe: (1) divided Europe and the industrialized world; (2) pitted the Axis powers (Germany and Italy) against the Allied powers (Great Britain, France, United States); (3) . With the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, built of concrete, barbed wire, and land mines separated Communist Eastern Europe, which was dominated by the government of the Soviet Union, from the capitalist democracies of Western Europe, which were allied with the United States. When the , a new era arrived in Europe, and the power of unification emerged.
::20世纪,欧洲有三种离心分裂1) 欧洲和工业化世界分裂;(2) 轴心国(德国和意大利)与盟国(英国、法国、美国);(3) 冷战后,由水泥、铁丝网和地雷组成的铁幕将东欧共产主义隔离开来。 东欧共产主义由苏联政府控制,与西欧资本主义民主国家分离,后者与美国结盟。 当新时代来到欧洲,统一力量出现。
Unification Efforts in Europe
::欧洲的统一努力After World War II ended in Europe, the three small countries of Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg realized that together they would be much stronger and recover more quickly from the war than if they remained separate. Belgium had banking and business; the Netherlands had industry, farming, and the world-class port of Rotterdam on the Rhine River; and Luxembourg had agricultural resources. To help recover from World War II, in 1944 the three countries signed an economic pact called the Benelux Agreement, which provided a successful example of unification and cooperation.
::第二次世界大战在欧洲结束后,比利时、荷兰和卢森堡这三个小国认识到,它们共同从战争中恢复的强大程度比分开时要强得多,恢复的速度要快。 比利时有银行业和商业;荷兰有莱茵河上的工业、农业和世界级鹿特丹港;卢森堡有农业资源。 为了帮助从第二次世界大战中恢复过来,这三个国家于1944年签署了一项经济协定,称为《比荷卢协定》,这是统一与合作的成功范例。Implemented from 1948 to 1952, the Marshall Plan helped rebuild war-torn Europe with American aid and business connections. US businesses and corporations benefited from the increased international trade with Europe. To deter the European nations from going to war again, there needed to be an economic trade policy that encouraged a strong business climate. In 1957, the countries of France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, and Belgium signed the Treaty of Rome, which created the Common Market. This agreement provided the structure necessary to unify Europe under a European Union (EU) in 1992.
::从1948年到1952年,马歇尔计划(Marshall Plan)通过美国的援助和商业联系帮助重建饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲。 美国企业和公司从与欧洲的国际贸易增长中受益。 为了阻止欧洲国家再次开战,需要制定鼓励强大商业环境的经济贸易政策。 1957年,法国、西德、荷兰、卢森堡、意大利和比利时签署了创建共同市场的《罗马条约 》 。 该协议为1992年将欧洲统一在欧洲联盟(欧盟)之下提供了必要的结构。Despite many problems, since World War II, steady efforts have been made toward European unification. The EU was the structure for a common economic system with an agreed-upon governing body. It was designed as an economic trading bloc that could compete with the United States and Japan. A mechanism was finally in place for a supportive, unified Europe, but it would be up to the independent countries that joined this union to make it work.
::尽管存在许多问题,但自二战以来,欧洲统一的努力一直在稳步进行。 欧盟是共同经济体系的结构,拥有一个商定的理事机构。 欧盟是经济贸易集团,可以与美国和日本竞争。 支持、统一欧洲的机制终于建立起来,但加入欧盟的独立国家应该让这一联盟发挥作用。Supranationalism
::超民族主义
Members of the EU
::欧盟成员Coat of Arms
::军服 军服Flag State Capital Accession Population
(2017)
Austria Vienna 1 January 1995 8,772,865 
Belgium Brussels Founder 11,351,727 
Bulgaria Sofia 1 January 2007 7,101,859 
Croatia Zagreb 1 July 2013 4,154,213 
Cyprus Nicosia 1 May 2004 854,802 
Czech Republic Prague 1 May 2004 10,578,820 
Denmark Copenhagen 1 January 1973 5,748,769 
Estonia Tallinn 1 May 2004 1,315,635 
Finland Helsinki 1 January 1995 5,503,297 
France Paris Founder 66,989,083 
Germany Berlin Founder 82,521,653 
Greece Athens 1 January 1981 10,768,193 
Hungary Budapest 1 May 2004 9,797,561 
Ireland Dublin 1 January 1973 4,784,383 
Italy Rome Founder 60,589,445 
Latvia Riga 1 May 2004 1,950,116 
Lithuania Vilnius 1 May 2004 2,847,904 
Luxembourg Luxembourg City Founder 590,667 
Malta Valletta 1 May 2004 460,297 
Netherlands Amsterdam Founder 17,081,507 
Poland Warsaw 1 May 2004 37,972,964 
Portugal Lisbon 1 January 1986 10,309,573 
Romania Bucharest 1 January 2007 19,644,350 
Slovakia Bratislava 1 May 2004 5,435,343 
Slovenia Ljubljana 1 May 2004 2,065,895 
Spain Madrid 1 January 1986 46,528,024 
Sweden Stockholm 1 January 1995 9,995,153 
United Kingdom London 1 January 1973 65,808,573 Totals: 28 countries 511,522,671
The European Union and the Language Question.
::欧洲联盟和语言问题。
Supranationalism is defined as the voluntary association of three or more independent states willing to yield some measure of sovereignty for mutual benefit. The Benelux Agreement of 1944 was a model for European supranationalism. Nations are often reluctant to give up any sense of independence, especially with the strong drive toward nation-state status. In Europe, each country might have its own language, currency, traffic laws, and legal system, which makes supranationalism difficult to accomplish. Supranationalism could erode the uniqueness of each state as Europe becomes more of a "United States of Europe."
::超国家主义的定义是三个或三个以上独立的国家自愿联合,它们愿意为互利而取得某种程度的主权。 1944年《比荷卢协定》是欧洲超超国家主义的典范。 国家往往不愿意放弃任何独立感,特别是在大力争取民族国家地位的情况下。 在欧洲,每个国家都可能拥有自己的语言、货币、交通法和法律制度,这使得超国家主义难以实现。 随着欧洲变得更加“欧洲合众国 ” , 超国家主义可能会侵蚀每个国家的独特性。
Esperanto
::世界语One of the solutions proposed for the language problem for the European Union (EU) was to use the artificial language Esperanto as the common language. This solution did not receive much support from member states and was rejected by the EU. Esperanto, introduced in 1887 as a neutral language, was formed using words from the Latin, Germanic, and Slavic language groups (the three main language groups of Europe).
::针对欧洲联盟(欧盟)的语言问题提出的解决办法之一是使用人造语言世界语作为共同语言。 这一解决办法没有得到成员国的大力支持,并遭到欧盟的拒绝。 1887年作为中性语言引入的“世界语言”是用拉丁语、德意志语和斯拉夫语(欧洲三大主要语言组)的词组(欧洲三大语言组)形成的。Inteligenta persono lernas la lingvon Esperanto rapide kaj facile. Esperanto estas la moderna, kultura lingvo por la tuta mondo. Lernu la internacian lingvon Esperanto.
::现代世界,现代世界,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言,语言。Check Your Translation:
::检查您的翻译 :An intelligent person learns the language Esperanto rapidly and easily. Esperanto is the modern, cultural language for the whole world. Learn the international language Esperanto.
::智能人能迅速和容易地学习世界语言。世界语言是全世界现代的、文化的语言。学习国际语言世界语言。
The euro was adopted in 1999. However, not all EU countries use the euro.
::1999年采用了欧元,但并非所有欧盟国家都使用欧元。
To address the differences in the many currencies used in Europe, the EU introduced a common currency called the euro. Initially, there was resistance, but it has been accepted by most EU members. Great Britain is a major economic player in the EU, but it has not adopted the euro as its main currency. It has kept the traditional English pound sterling. Most of the old currencies of EU members are being phased out and the single currency of the euro has become the standard. Even countries not currently in the EU have adopted the euro as their national currency.
::为了解决欧洲使用的许多货币的差异,欧盟引入了一种称为欧元的共同货币。 起初,欧盟出现了抵制,但大多数欧盟成员国都接受了。 英国是欧盟的主要经济参与者,但并没有采用欧元作为其主要货币。 它保留了传统的英镑。 欧盟成员国的大部分旧货币正在逐步取消,欧元的单一货币也已成为标准。 即使目前欧盟没有的国家也采用欧元作为本国货币。Unification has created economic problems between the wealthy industrialized countries and the poorer regions of southern Europe. There is disagreement over how taxes or funds will be allocated. The poorer countries would like economic assistance in developing their industries. The wealthier nations are at times resistant to sharing their wealth. Italy has experienced this problem within its borders. Italy’s wealthy northern regions have hinted at separating from their poorer southern regions. This is an age-old problem that confronts governments of most countries.
::统一在富裕的工业化国家和南欧较贫困的地区之间造成了经济问题。在税收或资金的分配上存在分歧。 较贫穷的国家希望在发展其产业方面获得经济援助。 较富裕的国家有时不愿分享其财富。 意大利在其边界内经历了这个问题。 意大利富裕的北部地区暗示要与较贫穷的南部地区分离。 这是大多数国家政府面临的一个古老问题。Other questions arise with the supranational EU. How will the EU manage foreign affairs? Will the EU have a military? If so, how will it be managed? Who will command it? What will happen to the current military assets of each member country? Travel within the EU has also changed. Before the EU, people traveling between European countries encountered border checks at which their passports were checked and stamped, and different traffic laws existed for each country. This is changing. Once inside the EU, there are no more border stops, and traffic and travel are becoming streamlined with common laws.
::与超国家欧盟有其他问题。 欧盟将如何管理外交事务?欧盟将如何管理外交事务?如果是,欧盟将如何管理?如果是,将如何管理?谁来指挥?每个成员国目前的军事资产会怎么样?欧盟内部的旅行也发生了变化。在欧盟之前,在欧洲国家之间旅行的人会遇到边境检查,他们的护照被检查和盖章,而且每个国家都有不同的交通法。这正在发生变化。一旦进入欧盟,就不再有边境站了,交通和旅行正在按照普通法简化。
NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Western Europe and North America).
::北约是北大西洋公约组织(西欧和北美)。Global trading blocs such as the EU are not uncommon. The United States, with Mexico and Canada, developed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to create a global economic trading bloc. Japan and neighboring countries work together as the East Asian Community (EAC), which is not an official organization but is a recognized entity that operates as an economic core area with its own alliances. Other larger or smaller economic trading blocs exist across the globe. Every continent has organizations that promote economic development for their regions or countries. Many of these agreements have developed into a type of economic supranationalism.
::欧盟等全球贸易集团并非罕见,美国与墨西哥和加拿大一起制定了北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)以创建一个全球经济贸易集团。日本和邻国作为东亚共同体(东亚共同体)共同合作,东亚共同体不是一个官方组织,而是公认的实体,以经济核心领域作为自身联盟运作。全球还存在其他大小经济贸易集团。每个大陆都有促进各自区域或国家的经济发展的组织。其中许多协定已经发展成一种超国家经济主义。European countries have to confront both the centrifugal forces that rally their nations to remain independent and the centripetal forces that call for integration into the EU. European cultures have a history of struggling to retain their heritage and traditions. The strong devolutionary forces that advocate for nation-state status are challenged by the need to belong to a larger union for economic survival. Europeans are caught between holding on to cultural heritage and moving forward economically in a competitive global economy. Similar forces are also felt in other regions of the world.
::欧洲各国既要面对将国家团结起来以保持独立的离心力量,也要面对要求融入欧盟的三百米力量。 欧洲文化有着为保留其遗产和传统而奋斗的历史。 主张民族国家地位的强大权力下放力量面临加入更大的经济生存联盟的需要的挑战。 欧洲人被困在紧握文化遗产和在竞争激烈的全球经济中向前推进之间。 世界其他地区也感受到类似的力量。Germany, which united its western and eastern regions after the Iron Curtain came down, has become economically powerful in Europe. Germany is also the largest country in Europe by population. Other EU nations are concerned that Germany might once again exert domination or bring about division in Europe. The Cold War, World War I, and World War II are not easily forgotten. They are vital events in European history that affected the whole world. Because of this historical memory, many Europeans are suspicious of how the EU may evolve; whereas, others are more open to a unified European community.
::德国在铁幕下台后将其西部和东部地区统一起来,在欧洲经济变得强大。 德国也是欧洲人口的最大国家。 其他欧盟国家担心德国可能再次在欧洲实行统治或制造分裂。 冷战、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战并不容易被遗忘。 它们是欧洲历史上影响整个世界的重大事件。 由于这一历史记忆,许多欧洲人怀疑欧盟会如何演变;而其他欧盟国家则对统一的欧洲社会持更开放的态度。About the European Union
::关于欧洲联盟According to the 1993 Copenhagen European Council, "a country has to meet certain requirements to join the EU. These requirements include a stable democracy which respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. Evaluation of a country’s fulfillment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council."
::根据1993年哥本哈根欧洲理事会,“一个国家必须满足加入欧盟的某些要求。 这些要求包括尊重人权和法治的稳定民主;在欧盟内部具有竞争能力的运行良好的市场经济;以及接受成员义务,包括欧盟法律。 评估一国是否达到标准是欧洲理事会的责任。 ”In 2018, the had 28 member states representing over 500 million people. A number of additional states are applying for membership, so the number of EU member states continues to change. Each EU state now has its own military for national defense. A majority of EU members also hold membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which is a political alliance between Western European countries, Canada, and the United States. The EU is one of many global supranational entities. The EU is one of the three main core economic areas of the world.
::2018年,北约拥有28个成员国,代表了5亿多人口。 还有一些国家正在申请加入欧盟,因此欧盟成员国的数量在继续变化。 欧盟的每一个国家现在都有自己的国防军队。 欧盟的大多数成员国也加入了北大西洋公约组织(北约 ) , 北约是西欧国家、加拿大和美国之间的政治联盟。 欧盟是众多全球超国家实体之一。 欧盟是世界上三大核心经济领域之一。
This map illustrates the global groups with the big three core areas of the world.
::该地图显示了拥有世界三大核心领域的全球集团。
Europe has experienced strong centripetal and centrifugal forces throughout its history. From the Roman Empire to the European Union, the historical pattern of development in Europe is a model study in regional geography. From empire to nation-state and now to a union, the continent struggles to confront these cultural forces that unite and divide. The EU is an example of what supranationalism can produce.
::从罗马帝国到欧盟,欧洲的历史发展模式是地区地理的样板研究。 从帝国到民族国家,现在到联盟,欧洲大陆都在奋力对抗这些团结和分裂的文化力量。 欧盟是超国家主义能够产生什么结果的一个例子。To compete in a global economy, the nation-states of Europe must cooperate and coordinate their industrial activities to support their high standard of living. The EU member states are a part of the elite "have" nations of the world. They face many questions about their future, and they will be watched closely by the rest of the world.
::为了在全球经济中竞争,欧洲的民族国家必须合作并协调其工业活动以支持其高生活水平。 欧盟成员国是世界精英“拥有”国家的一部分。 他们面临着关于自己的未来的许多问题,世界其他国家将密切关注他们。
Key Takeaways
::密钥外出-
Although World War I, World War II, and the Cold War divided Europe during the 20th century, the EU has emerged as a unifying force for the European people.
::虽然第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战和冷战在20世纪分裂了欧洲,但欧盟已成为欧洲人民的团结力量。 -
The Benelux Agreement, the Marshall Plan, and the Treaty of Rome all helped set the stage for the European unification that evolved into the EU.
::《比荷卢协定》、《马歇尔计划》和《罗马条约》都有助于为演变成欧盟的欧洲统一创造条件。 -
Supranationalism has provided European countries with the ability to compete economically in the global marketplace. Difficulties have been in the areas of cultural and historical differences that have influenced the continuing economic and political challenges.
::超民族主义为欧洲国家提供了在全球市场上进行经济竞争的能力,在文化和历史差异方面困难重重,这些差异影响了持续的经济和政治挑战。 -
The EU represents a core economic region for the planet.
::欧盟代表着这个星球的核心经济区域。 -
North America and Eastern Asia each have worked to create competitive trading relationships to compete with the EU economically.
::北美和东亚各自努力建立有竞争力的贸易关系,以便与欧盟在经济上竞争。
Vocabulary Terms
::词汇术语术语Chapter 5.3 European Union and Supranationalism
::第5.3章 欧洲联盟和超民族主义European Parliament
::欧洲议会 欧洲议会 欧洲议会 欧洲议会 欧洲议会 欧洲议会Directly elected by the people every five years May propose amendments to legislation and it may reject proposals from Council outright Apportionment of representatives is not strictly based on population
::5月,人民每五年直接选举一次,直接选举产生,提出立法修正案,并可以断断断续续地拒绝理事会的建议Euro
::欧元A common currency proposed by the European Union for a majority of its mem ber nations
::欧洲联盟为其大多数成员国提议的欧洲联盟共同货币European Union
::欧洲联盟 欧洲联盟 欧洲联盟Supranational organization that integrates the states of Europe
::欧洲国家一体化的超国家组织NATO
::北约北约North Atlantic Treaty Organization- a political alliance between Western European countries, Canada, and the Unite d States
::北大西洋公约组织 -- -- 西欧国家、加拿大和美国之间的政治联盟United Nations
::联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联Can vote to establish a peacekeeping force in a hotspot and request states to contribute military forces Suborganizations promote the general welfare of the world
::可以投票在热点地区建立维持和平部队,并请求各国派遣军事部队Applying Knowledge
::应用知识Interactive Notebook Activity
::交互式笔记活动-
Describe
how Europe has been divided during the 20th century.
::描述欧洲在20世纪中是如何分裂的。 -
Describe
the measures or methods that have been implemented to help unify Europe.
::说明为帮助统一欧洲而采取的措施或方法。 -
Explain
the dynamics of supranationalism and its advantages and disadvantages.
::解释超国家主义的动态及其利弊。 -
Summarize
briefly how globalization has increased with the advent of the European Union.
::简要总结一下随着欧洲联盟的到来全球化是如何增长的。
Discussion and Study Questions
::讨论和研究问题-
What was the purpose of the Iron Curtain? How did it divide Europe?
::铁幕的目的是什么?它是如何分裂欧洲的? -
What is the relationship between EU membership and the index of economic development?
::加入欧盟与经济发展指数之间的关系是什么? -
How did the Marshall Plan and the Benelux Agreement contribute to the creation of the EU?
::《马歇尔计划》和《比荷卢协定》如何为建立欧盟作出贡献? -
How has devolution in Europe affected the dynamics of the EU?
::欧洲的权力下放如何影响欧盟的动态? -
Where is supranationalism evident in other world regions?
::超国家主义在世界其他地区哪里明显? -
What were the three main divisive events in 20th-century Europe?
::20世纪欧洲的三大分裂事件是什么? -
Why aren’t all European countries members of the EU?
::为什么不是所有欧洲国家都加入欧盟? -
Why would European countries be suspicious of Germany being a member of the EU?
::为什么欧洲国家怀疑德国是欧盟成员国? -
What methods or actions has the EU taken to encourage unity and cooperation among its members?
::欧盟采取了什么方法或行动来鼓励其成员之间的团结与合作? -
Where would strong devolutionary forces be evident in Europe?
::欧洲哪里会出现强有力的权力下放力量?
Geography Exercises
::地理演习Using this , complete the following:
::使用此选项, 完成以下内容 :-
Locate and draw a circle around the location of the Iron Curtain.
::围绕铁幕的位置画个圆圈 -
Locate and label the Benelux countries.
::确定比荷卢国家的位置并给这些国家贴上标签。 -
Locate and label the regions of Europe where the Germanic, Slavic, and Romance languages are dominant.
::找出并标出欧洲地区,在这些地区,德语、斯拉夫语和罗姆语占主导地位。 -
Locate and label the location of the three main core economic areas of the world.
::查明并标出世界三个主要核心经济地区的位置。 -
Locate and label the countries of Europe that are not members of the
.
::并标注非欧盟成员国的欧洲国家。
Mapping Exercise
::绘图绘制作业ESRI GEO Inquiry
::ESRI GEGO调查: Identify and explain different types of international cooperation since 1945Videos for Geography Enrichment
::地理丰富视频Helpful Websites for the Study of Geography
::地理研究有用网站is an encyclopedia funded by the Canadian government covering all branches of knowledge. Their scholarly collection includes interactive materials.
::该百科全书由加拿大政府资助,涵盖所有知识分支,其学术收藏包括交互式材料。provides information on the people, history, government, economy, energy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for the world's entities.
::向世界各实体提供关于人民、历史、政府、经济、能源、地理、通信、运输、军事和跨国问题的资料。is a US government website where you can find federal legislation, past and present, as well as information about the US legal system.
::是一个美国政府的网站,您可以在此找到过去和现在的联邦立法以及关于美国法律制度的信息。is a government agency website that provides current news, resources, topics of interest, information about drugs, careers in the DEA, and a tip hotline.
::是一个政府机构网站,提供最新消息、资源、感兴趣的话题、毒品信息、在缉毒局的职业以及一条小费热线。is the largest library in the world and provides manuscripts, files, information, pictures, and videos.
::图书馆是世界上最大的图书馆,提供手稿、文件、信息、图片和录像。is a US government agency website that allows users to search for and retrieve satellite images of Earth.
::这是一个美国政府机构的网站,用户可以搜索和检索地球的卫星图像。is a US government website that provides historical documents, photos, records, publications, and educator resources.
::这是一个美国政府网站,提供历史文件、照片、记录、出版物和教育资源。is a US government agency website that provides weather-related information and ocean research.
::是一个提供气象信息和海洋研究的美国政府机构网站。is a website by the United States Geological Survey and other federal, state, and local agencies that delivers topographic information for the United States.
::这是美国地质调查局和其他联邦、州和地方机构为美国提供地形信息的网站。is a massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations.
::是一个庞大的中央数据源,是用图形比较国家的一种方便方式。is a website that measures most locations in the world for air pollution in real time.
::是一个实时测量世界上大多数空气污染地点的网站。is a unique statistical database, which allows you to research and compare a multitude of different data on US states.
::这是一个独特的统计数据库, 使你能够研究和比较关于美国各州的多种不同数据。is an international organization founded in 1945 and made up of 193 member states. The UN maintains international peace and security, protects human rights, delivers humanitarian aid, promotes sustainable development, and upholds international law.
::联合国是一个国际组织,成立于1945年,由193个成员国组成。 联合国维护国际和平与安全,保护人权,提供人道主义援助,促进可持续发展,维护国际法。is a US government agency that provides a population clock, data, surveys, statistics, a library with information and infographics, news about the economy, and much more.
::这是一个美国政府机构,它提供人口钟、数据、调查、统计、一个拥有信息和信息资料的图书馆、关于经济的新闻,以及更多。is a US government agency website that provides scientific information about the natural hazards that threaten lives, the natural resources we rely on, the health of our ecosystems and environment, and the impacts of climate and land-use change.
::这是一个美国政府机构的网站,提供科学信息,说明威胁生命的自然危害、我们赖以生存的自然资源、生态系统和环境的健康以及气候和土地使用变化的影响。is a US government website that provides the latest presidential news, information about the budget, policy, defense, and many more topics.
::提供最新总统新闻、预算、政策、国防等资讯, 以及更多议题。is under the United Nations and provides leadership on matters critical to health, shapes the research agenda on health, and monitors the health situation and assessing health trends around the world. Their website provides information on the state of health around the world, outbreaks, current health news, and more.
::网站提供世界各地卫生状况、疫情爆发、最新卫生新闻等信息。is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. The website provides information on the history of the multilateral trading system, featured videos, news and events, trade topics, and more.
::该网站提供关于多边贸易体系历史的信息、视频、新闻和事件、贸易专题等等。 -
Describe how Europe has been divided during the 20th century.
