12.18 温床生态学
章节大纲
-
Where do reptiles live?
::爬行动物住在哪里?Anywhere and everywhere. Shown here is a sea turtle. Obviously, this lives in the ocean. But reptiles can also live in the , jungle, forest, or even your backyard. Reptiles live in practically every type of habitat .
::到处都可以看到这里是海龟。显然,这生活在海洋中。但爬虫类也可以生活在丛林、森林甚至后院。爬虫类几乎生活在每一种栖息地中。Ecology of Reptiles
::爬行动物生态学Today, reptiles live in a wide range of habitats. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Many live in the ocean, while others live in freshwater or on land. Lizards are all , but their habitats may range from deserts to rainforests, and from underground burrows to the tops of trees. Most snakes are terrestrial and live in a wide range of habitats, but some snakes are . Crocodilians live in and around swamps or bodies of freshwater or salt .
::今天,爬行动物生活在多种多样的生境中,除了南极洲之外,每个大陆都能找到爬行动物。许多爬行动物生活在海洋中,而另一些则生活在淡水或陆地上。蜥蜴是全部的,但它们的栖息地可能从沙漠到雨林,从地下的洞穴到树木的顶部。大多数蛇是陆地的,生活在广泛的生境中,但有些蛇是。鳄鱼生活在沼泽或淡水或盐的沼泽或周围。Reptile Diets
::温床饮食What reptiles eat is also very diverse, but the majority of reptiles are carnivores . Large reptiles such as crocodilians are the top predators in their , preying on , , deer, turtles, and sometimes domestic livestock. Their powerful jaws can crush and even turtle shells. Smaller reptiles—including tuataras, snakes, and many lizards—are also important predators, preying on , frogs , birds, and small mammals such as mice.
::爬虫类食用的东西也非常多样,但大多数爬虫类是食肉动物。 大型爬虫类,如蟑螂类,是它们体内最大的掠食动物,捕食鹿、鹿、海龟,有时还有家畜。 它们的强大下巴可以粉碎甚至粉碎龟壳。 较小的爬虫类,包括、蛇和许多蜥蜴,也是重要的捕食者,捕食、猎食、青蛙、鸟类和小哺乳动物,如老鼠。Most terrestrial turtles are herbivores . They graze on grasses, leaves, flowers , and fruits . turtles and some of lizards are omnivores , feeding on plants as well as insects, worms, , and small fish.
::大部分陆地海龟是食草动物,食草、叶叶、花和水果,海龟和一些蜥蜴是食草动物,食用植物和昆虫、虫和小鱼。Reptiles at Risk
::面临风险的爬回物Many species of reptiles, especially marine reptiles, are at risk of extinction . Some are threatened by habitat loss . For example, many beaches where turtles lay their eggs have been taken over and developed by people. Other marine reptiles have been over-hunted by humans. Marine turtles and their eggs are still eaten in some countries despite being protected species.
::许多爬行动物物种,特别是海洋爬行动物,面临灭绝的危险,其中一些受到生境丧失的威胁,例如,海龟产卵的许多海滩被人类占据和开发,其他海洋爬行动物被人类过度猎杀,海龟及其卵尽管是受保护物种,但在一些国家仍然被食用。Some reptiles are preyed upon by non-native species introduced by humans. For example, marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands are threatened by dogs and cats that people have brought to the islands. The iguanas are slow and tame and have no adaptations to these new predators.
::一些爬行动物受到人类引进的非本地物种的掠夺,例如,加拉帕戈斯群岛上的海洋蜥蜴受到人们带到这些岛屿的狗和猫的威胁,蜥蜴缓慢而驯服,对这些新的掠食动物没有适应性。Summary
::摘要-
Reptiles can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
::除南极洲外,每个大陆都能找到爬行动物。 -
Reptiles may live in terrestrial, freshwater, or marine habitats.
::爬行动物可能生活在陆地、淡水或海洋生境中。 -
Most reptiles are carnivores, and large reptiles are the top predators in their ecosystems.
::大多数爬行动物是食肉动物,大型爬行动物是生态系统中最大的掠食动物。 -
Many species of reptiles, especially marine reptiles, are at risk of extinction.
::许多种爬行动物,特别是海洋爬行动物,面临灭绝的危险。
Review
::回顾-
Describe the habitats of most lizards.
::描述大多数蜥蜴的栖息地。 -
What do reptiles eat? Describe the diet of a crocodilian.
::爬行动物吃什么? -
Why are some reptiles at risk?
::为什么有些爬行动物处于危险之中?
Explore More
::探索更多Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。-
What makes a good meal for giant anaconda?
::为巨型Anaconda做一顿好吃的饭是什么? -
How do anaconda sense their prey?
::Anaconda如何感知他们的猎物? -
Describe how anaconda hunt and kill their prey.
::描述Anaconda如何猎杀猎物 -
Why is a good meal important for anaconda?
::为什么一顿好吃的饭 对Anaconda很重要? -
How long may a pregnant female anaconda go between meals?
::怀孕的孕妇在进餐之间还能待多久? -
How long might it take an anaconda to ingest and digest a large meal?
::要花多久 Anaconda才能食用和消化一顿大餐?
-
Reptiles can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
