Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • 鸟类鸟类分类分类

    Close-up of an owl with striking orange eyes and detailed feather patterns.

    Raptor vs. landfowl. Any obvious differences?
    ::猛禽对陆地禽 有什么明显区别吗?

    Of course there are. That is like comparing a turkey to an owl. And there are also flightless , birds that live near , and parrots . With almost 10,000 of birds, there are bound to be significant differences.
    ::当然有。这就像把火鸡比作猫头鹰。还有没有飞行的鸟,住在附近的鸟和鹦鹉。近一万只鸟,必然会有巨大的差异。

    Classification of Birds
    ::鸟类分类

    There are about 10,000 living species of birds. Almost all of them can fly, but there are several exceptions.
    ::鸟类约有1万种生物,几乎所有鸟类都能飞,但有一些例外。

    Flightless Birds
    ::无飞行飞鸟

    Some birds have lost the ability to fly during the course of their evolution. Several flightless birds are shown in Figure . They include the ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, and moa. All of these birds have long legs and are adapted for running. The penguins shown in the figure are also flightless birds, but they have a very different body shape. That’s because they are adapted for swimming rather than running.
    ::有些鸟类在进化过程中丧失了飞行能力。图中显示了几只无飞行鸟类。它们包括鸟、鸟、鸟、鸟、鸟、鸟和鸟。所有这些鸟类都有长腿,并且都适合运行。图中显示的企鹅也是无飞行鸟类,但它们的身体形状非常不同。这是因为它们适应游泳而不是运行。

    Examples of flightless birds: ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, moa, and penguins.
    Flightless Birds. Flightless birds that are adapted for running include the ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, and moa. Penguins are flightless birds adapted for swimming.

    Flying Birds
    ::飞鸟

    Birds that are able to fly are divided into 29 orders that differ in their physical traits and behaviors. Table describes seven of the most common orders. As shown in the table, the majority of flying birds are perching birds , like the honeyeater described in the last row of the table. The order of perching birds has more species than all the other bird orders combined. In fact, this order of birds is the largest single order of land vertebrates .
    ::能够飞的鸟类被分为29个顺序,这些顺序在物理特征和行为上各不相同。表格列出了七个最常见的顺序。如表格所示,大多数飞鸟正在捕食鸟类,就像表最后一行描述的蜂蜜动物一样。捕鸟的顺序比其他鸟类的顺序加在一起的种类都多。事实上,鸟类的顺序是陆地脊椎动物最大的单一顺序。

    Order (common name) Description Example
    Landfowl : turkeys, chickens, pheasants They are large in size; they spend most of their time on the ground; they usually have a thick neck and short, rounded wings ; their flight tends to be brief and close to the ground.

    turkey
    ::火火鸡

    A turkey displaying its plumage, showcasing its large size and ground-dwelling behavior.

    Waterfowl : ducks, geese, swans They are large in size; they spend most of their time on the water surface; they have webbed feet and are good swimmers; most are strong flyers.

    ducks
    ::鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭、鸭

    A flying duck with a green head and colorful plumage against a blurred background.

    Shorebirds : puffins, gulls, plovers They range from small to large; most live near the water, and some are sea birds; they have webbed feet and are good swimmers; most are strong flyers.

    puffin
    ::乌芬

    A group of puffins standing on a rocky shore by the water's edge.

    Diurnal Raptors : hawks, falcons, eagles They range from small to large; they are active during the day and sleep during the night; they have a sharp, hooked beak and strong legs with clawed feet; they hunt by sight and have excellent .

    hawk
    ::鹰鹰鹰

    A hawk feeding on prey in a natural outdoor setting, showcasing its sharp beak and claws.

    Nocturnal Raptors : burrowing owls, barn owls, horned owls They range from small to large; they are active during the night and sleep during the day; they have a sharp, hooked beak and strong legs with clawed feet; they have large, forward-facing ; they have excellent hearing and can hunt with their sense of hearing alone.

    burrowing owl
    ::挖掘猫头鹰

    A burrowing owl perched on a wooden post, showcasing its distinctive spotted plumage.

    Parrots: cockatoos, parrots, parakeets They range from small to large; they are found in regions; they have a strong, curved bill; they stand upright on strong legs with clawed feet; many are brightly colored; they are very intelligent.

    cockatoo
    ::

    A white cockatoo with a yellow crest standing on a branch.

    Perching Birds: honeyeaters, sparrows, crows They are small in size; they perch above the ground in trees and on buildings and wires; they have four toes for grasping a perch; many are songbirds.

    honeyeater
    ::蜂食者

    A honeyeater perched on a branch singing, showcasing its distinctive features.

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • There are about 10,000 living species of birds, almost all of which can fly.
      ::大约有1万种鸟类 几乎所有鸟类都能够飞翔
    • Flying birds are divided into 29 orders. The most common orders include landfowl, waterfowl, shorebirds, diurnal and nocturnal raptors, parrots, and perching birds.
      ::飞行鸟类被分为29项命令,最常见的命令包括陆地禽、水禽、岸鸟、二极鸟和夜龙、鹦鹉和猎鸟。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Name and describe flightless birds.
      ::名称和描述无飞行鸟类。
    2. Compare and contrast nocturnal and diurnal raptors.
      ::比较和对比夜行和二极乐猛禽。
    3. Give examples of landfowl and waterfowl.
      ::例如,陆地禽和水禽。
    4. Describe parrots.
      ::描述鹦鹉。