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  • 地图

    Geological map of Minnesota displaying bedrock geology and related data.

     

    What information does a map show?
    ::地图显示什么信息 ?

    Maps can convey a lot of different types of information. They can tell you where you are, or they can tell you something about a  . Maps can display the  relief  of an area. They can indicate something about the society that lives in the area. Different types of maps show many different types of things.
    ::地图可以传达许多不同类型的信息。 他们可以告诉你你在哪里, 或者可以告诉你一些关于某个区域的信息。 地图可以显示一个区域的宽度。 他们可以显示一些关于生活在该地区的社会的信息。 不同类型的地图可以显示许多不同的类型。

    Maps as Models
    ::地图作为模型

    Imagine you are going on a road trip. Perhaps you are going on vacation. How do you know where to go? Most likely, you will use a map. A  map  is a picture of specific parts of Earth’s surface. There are many types of maps. Each map gives us different information. Let’s look at a road map, which is the probably the most common map that you use ( Figure   ).
    ::想象一下你会去旅行。也许你会去度假。你怎么知道要去哪里?你最有可能使用地图。地图是地球表面特定部分的图。地图有多种类型。每张地图给我们提供不同的信息。让我们看看路线图,这可能是你最常用的地图(图 ) 。

    A road map of Florida showing cities, transportation routes, and geographic features.

     

    A road map of the state of Florida. What information can you get from this map?
    ::佛罗里达州的路线图 你能从这张地图上得到什么信息?

    Map Legends
    ::地图图图图图图

    You can see the following on this road map of Florida ( Figure   ):
    ::在佛罗里达的行进图(图)上,您可以看到以下内容:

    • The boundaries of the state show its shape.
      ::国家的边界显示它的形状。
    • Black dots represent the cities. Each city is named. The size of the dot represents the  population  of the city.
      ::黑点代表城市,每个城市都有名称,点的大小代表城市人口。
    • Red and brown lines show major roads that connect the cities.
      ::红棕线和红棕线显示连接城市的主要道路。
    • Blue lines show  rivers . Their names are written in blue.
      ::蓝线显示河流,它们的名字用蓝色写成。
    • Blue areas show  lakes  and other waterways: the Gulf of Mexico, Biscayne Bay, and Lake Okeechobee. Names for bodies of  water  are also written in blue.
      ::蓝色区域显示湖泊和其他水道:墨西哥湾、比斯凯恩湾和奥凯乔比湖,水体的名称也以蓝色写成。
    • A line or scale of miles shows the distance represented on the map; an inch or centimeter on the map represents a certain amount of distance (miles or kilometers).
      ::以英里计的线条或比例表示地图上代表的距离;以英寸或厘米表示一定的距离(英里或公里)。
    • Look for the legend on the top left side of the map. The legend explains other features and symbols on the map.
      ::查找地图左上方的图例。 图例解释了地图上的其他特征和符号 。
    • It is the convention for north to be at the top of a map. For this reason, a  compass rose  is not needed on most maps.
      ::北纬是地图顶部的公约,因此,大多数地图不需要指南针。

    You can use this map to find your way around Florida and get from one place to another along roadways.
    ::你可以用这张地图 在佛罗里达到处找路 沿路从一个地方到另一个地方

    Types of Maps
    ::地图类型类型

    There are many other types of maps other than road maps. Some examples include:
    ::除路线图外,还有其他许多类型的地图。

    • Political or geographic maps show the outlines and borders of states and/or countries.
      ::政治或地理地图显示国家和(或)国家的轮廓和边界。
    • Satellite  view maps show terrains and vegetation: forests,  deserts , and  mountains .
      ::卫星视图地图显示地形和植被:森林、沙漠和山区。
    • Relief maps, also called contour maps, show elevations of areas. They are usually on a larger scale, such as the whole Earth, rather than a local area.
      ::救济地图,也称为轮廓地图,显示地区高地,通常规模更大,如整个地球,而不是一个局部地区。
    • Topographic maps  show detailed elevations of features on the map.
      ::地形图显示地图上地貌的详细高度。
    • Climate  maps show average temperatures and rainfall.
      ::气候图显示平均气温和降雨量。
    •  maps show the amount of rainfall in different areas.
      ::地图显示不同地区的降雨量。
    •  show  storms ,  , and  .
      ::展示风暴,和。
    • Radar  maps show storms and rainfall.
      ::雷达地图显示风暴和降雨量。
    • Geologic maps detail the types and locations of   found in an area.
      ::地质图详细列出了在某一区域内发现的种类和位置。

    These are but a few types of maps that various Earth scientists might use. You can easily carry a map around in your pocket or bag. Maps are easy to use, because they are flat or two-dimensional. However, the world is three-dimensional. So, how do mapmakers represent a three-dimensional world on flat paper?
    ::这些地图只是地球科学家们可能使用的几种地图。你可以很容易地在口袋或包里携带地图。地图很容易使用,因为它们是平的或两维的。然而,世界是三维的。因此,地图制作者如何在平纸上代表三维的世界呢?

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Maps are two-dimensional representations of a surface, usually Earth's.
      ::地图是表层的二维表示,通常是地球的。
    • Maps use symbols and have legends. This is so they can display the most amount of information in the least amount of space.
      ::地图使用符号和传说。 这样他们就能显示最小空间中的最大数量的信息 。
    • There are many types of maps. They can show social and political information; they can show scientific information.
      ::地图有多种类型,它们可以显示社会和政治信息;它们可以显示科学信息。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Using the road map of Florida ( Figure   ), in what direction would you go to get from Fort Lauderdale to Tampa?
      ::使用Florida的路线图(图), 你会从劳德代尔堡到坦帕哪里去?
    1. Why do most maps begin with a portion of Earth's surface? When might they use something different as their base?
      ::为什么大多数地图都从地球表面的一部分开始? 它们什么时候可以用不同的东西作为基地?
    1. What types of maps are most useful to Earth scientists?
      ::哪些类型的地图对地球科学家最有用?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
    ::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

    1. What does a geologic map show?
      ::地质地图显示什么?
    1. How does a geologist (who, BTW, can also be female) begin to create a geologic map?
      ::地质学家(BTW也可以是女性)如何开始绘制地质图?
    1. What is a topographic map?
      ::什么是地形图?
    1. How does a geologist make a geologic map from a topographic map?
      ::地质学家如何用地形图绘制地质图?
    1. What are aerial photographs? Why does a geologist use two of the same photographs side by side?
      ::航空照片是什么?为什么地质学家会同时使用两张相同的照片呢?
    1. What do each of the colors on a geologic map represent?
      ::地质图上的每个颜色代表什么?