13.62 妇女生殖发展
章节大纲
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What changes happen during puberty?
::青春期发生什么变化?A lot changes during this time , including changes to reproductive organs and other physical changes.
::在此期间发生了许多变化,包括生殖器官的改变和其他身体的改变。Sexual Development in Females
::女性的性发育form before birth. However, as in males, the organs do not mature until .
::然而,与男性一样,器官直到......才成熟。Development Before Birth
::出生前发育Unlike males, females are not influenced by the male sex hormone testosterone during embryonic . This is because they lack a Y chromosome . As a result, females do not develop . By the third month of fetal development, most of the internal female organs have formed. Immature eggs also form in the ovary before birth. Whereas a mature male produces throughout his life, a female produces all the eggs she will ever make before birth.
::与男性不同,女性在胚胎期间不受男性性激素睾酮的影响,这是因为她们缺乏Y染色体,因此女性没有发育。因此,在胎儿发育的第三个月,大多数内脏女性器官已经形成。在出生前卵巢中也形成不成熟的卵。成熟的男性在其一生中生产,而女性则生产她出生前所产的所有卵。Changes of Puberty
::胚胎变化Like baby boys, baby girls are born with all their reproductive organs present but immature and unable to function. Female reproductive organs also grow very little until puberty. Girls begin puberty a year or two earlier than boys, at an average age of 10 years. Girls also complete puberty sooner than boys, in about 4 years instead of 6.
::与男婴一样,女婴出生时拥有所有生殖器官,但是不成熟,无法正常工作; 女婴在青春期前发育很少; 女婴比男婴早一年或两岁开始青春期,平均年龄为10岁; 女婴也比男婴早完成青春期,大约4年,而不是6年。Puberty in girls starts when the hypothalamus “tells” the pituitary gland to secrete that target the ovaries. Two pituitary hormones are involved: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) . These hormones stimulate the ovary to produce estrogen . Estrogen, in turn, promotes growth and other physical changes of puberty. It stimulates growth and development of the internal reproductive organs, breasts, and pubic hair (see Figure ).
::雌性激素刺激卵巢产生雌激素,雌激素反过来又促进青春期的成长和其他物理变化,刺激体内生殖器官、乳房和阴毛的生长和发育(见图)。Changes in Females During Puberty. Two obvious changes of puberty in girls are growth and development of the breasts and pubic hair. The stages begin around age 10 and are completed by about age 14.
::怀孕期间女性的变化:女孩青春期的两个明显变化是乳房和阴毛的成长和发育,阶段从10岁开始,到14岁结束。Adolescent Growth Spurt
::青少年增长净化Like boys, girls also go through an adolescent growth spurt . However, girls typically start their growth spurt a year or two earlier than boys (and therefore a couple of centimeters shorter, on average). Girls also have a shorter growth spurt. For example, they typically reach their adult height by about age 15. In addition, girls generally do not grow as fast as boys do during the growth spurt, even at their peak rate of growth. As a result, females are about 10 centimeters (about 4 inches) shorter, on average, than males by the time they reach their final height.
::与男孩一样,女孩也经历了青少年成长的刺激,但是,女孩一般比男孩早一年或两岁开始成长(因此平均短于两厘米),女孩的成长速度也较短,例如,她们通常在15岁之前达到成年高度,此外,在成长的刺激期间,女孩的成长速度一般不如男孩的快,即使是在最高峰的成长速度,因此,在达到最后的高度时,女性平均比男性短约10厘米(约4英寸)。Menarche
::下层One of the most significant changes in females during puberty is menarche . Menarche is the beginning of menstruation , or monthly periods as the ovaries begin the cyclic release of an egg. In U.S. girls, the average age of menarche is 12.5 years, although there is a lot of variation in this age. The variation may be due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors, such as diet.
::青春期女性最重要的变化之一是月经。 月经是月经的开始,或者是卵子开始循环释放卵的月度。 在美国女孩中,月经的平均年龄为12.5岁,尽管这一年龄有很大差异。 变化可能是由于遗传因素和环境因素(如饮食)的结合。Summary
::摘要-
Female reproductive organs form before birth. However, they do not mature until puberty.
::女性生殖器官在出生前形成,但直到青春期才成熟。
Review
::回顾-
State two ways that puberty differs in girls and boys.
::说明女孩和男孩的青春期有两种不同的方式。 -
Define menstruation. What is the first menstrual period called?
::月经的定义。第一个月经期叫什么? -
Males and females are quite similar in height when they begin the adolescent growth spurt. Why are females about 10 centimeters shorter than males by adulthood?
::成年前,女性的身高为何比男性短约10厘米?
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Female reproductive organs form before birth. However, they do not mature until puberty.
