13.71 成年
章节大纲
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Does getting older have to be a bad thing?
::变老是不是坏事?Being older doesn't necessarily mean being unable to do things and not enjoy life. These seniors look as if they thoroughly enjoy life. And some would say that life begins after all the children have moved out of the house.
::年长并不必然意味着不能做一些事情,不能享受生活。这些年长者似乎完全享受生活。有些人会说,生活始于所有孩子搬出家之后。Adulthood and Aging
::成年和老年Adulthood does not have a definite starting point. A person may be physically mature by age 16 or 17 but not defined as an adult by law until older ages. In the U.S., you can’t join the armed forces or vote until age 18. You can’t buy or use alcohol or take on many legal and financial responsibilities until age 21.
::成年没有明确的起点。 一个人在16岁或17岁之前可能已经身体成熟,但法律不将他定义为成年人,直到年长。 在美国,18岁之前不能加入军队或投票。 在21岁之前,你不能购买或使用酒精,也不能承担许多法律和财务责任。The video below, 21 Years, is a daily video pictorial of the aging process, from birth to 21 years. Over 7,500 images of the same person have been condensed in a little over 6 minutes.
::下面的影片“21年”是每天从出生到21年的老化过程的视频图片,超过7 500张同一个人的图像在6分钟多一点的时间内被压缩。Early Adulthood
::成人早期Early adulthood coincides with the 20s and early 30s. During early adulthood, people generally form intimate relationships, both in friendship and love. Many people become engaged or marry during this time. Often they are completing their education and becoming established in a career. Health problems in young adults tend to be minor. The most common causes of death are homicides, car crashes, and suicides.
::成年早期与20岁和30岁年龄相同; 在成年早期,人们一般在友谊和爱情中建立亲密关系; 许多人在此期间订婚或结婚; 往往完成学业,在职业生涯中扎根; 青壮年的健康问题往往不大; 最常见的死因是杀人、车祸和自杀。Middle Adulthood
::中成年Middle adulthood lasts from the mid-30s to the mid-60s. During this stage of life, many people raise a family and strive to attain career goals. They start showing physical signs of aging, such as wrinkles and gray hair. Typically, , strength and reaction time start declining. Diseases such as type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular or heart disease, and are often diagnosed during this stage of life. These diseases are also the chief causes of death in middle adulthood.
::中成年期从30年代中期到60年代中期。在这个生命阶段,许多人抚养家庭,并努力实现职业目标。他们开始显示出老龄化的物理迹象,如皱纹和灰发。一般情况下,体力和反应时间开始下降。二类糖尿病、心血管病或心脏病等疾病在生命的这一阶段经常被诊断出来。这些疾病也是成年期死亡的主要原因。Heart Disease
::心脏病Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans, and one of the main killers of people the world over. A common cause of heart disease is arteriosclerosis. This is the stiffening or hardening of the arteries that happens, in part, because of growing older. Atherosclerosis , which is the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, is another cause of . When fat accumulates along the walls of arteries, there is less space for to flow. This makes it harder for blood to get to all the parts of the body that need it, including the heart itself. The accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaque , can eventually lead to a heart attack or stroke .
::心脏病是美国人的头号杀手,也是全世界人们的主要杀手之一。心脏病的一个常见原因就是动脉硬化。这就是部分由于年老而出现的动脉的硬化或硬化。动脉中脂肪沉积的炭血硬化是另一个原因。当脂肪在动脉的墙壁上积聚时,流动的空间就更少了。这使得血液更难到达身体所有需要的地方,包括心脏本身。脂肪沉积或板块的积累最终会导致心脏病发作或中风。Other changes to the heart occur during middle adulthood. For example, to help the heart pump blood through stiffer , some parts of the heart wall thicken. The size of the four chambers of the heart also change, as do the valves between the chambers. The resting heart rate does not change as you age, but the heart cannot beat as fast when you are physically active or stressed, as it did when you were younger.
::心脏的其他变化发生在中成年时期。 比如, 帮助心脏通过更硬的, 心脏墙的某些部分会变厚。 心脏四角的大小也会变, 室内之间的阀门也会变。 休息的心率不会随着你的年龄变化, 但是心脏在身体活动或压力下无法跳动, 就像你年轻时那样。Both genetic and lifestyle choices lead to heart disease. Though you cannot change your genetic background, there are things you can do to slow or prevent the onset of heart disease, especially as you grow older.
::基因选择和生活方式选择都会导致心脏病。 尽管你不能改变你的基因背景,但有些事情你可以做来减缓或预防心脏病的发病,特别是当你长大了以后。-
try to be more physically active,
::试着让身体更活跃, -
if you smoke, quit,
::如果你抽烟,戒烟, -
follow a heart healthy diet,
::遵循健康饮食的心, -
keep a healthy weight.
::保持健康体重。
Old Age
::老年Old age begins in the mid-60s and lasts until the end of life. Many people over 65 have retired from work, freeing up their time for hobbies, grandchildren, and other interests. Stamina, strength, reflex time, and the all decline during old age, and the number of brain decreases as well. The immune system becomes less efficient, increasing the risk of serious illnesses such as cancer and pneumonia . Diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease that cause loss of mental function also become more common.
::老年从60年代中期开始,持续到生命结束。 许多65岁以上的人已经退休,他们可以享受休闲、孙辈和其他利益。 体力、体力、反应时间、衰老和大脑数量下降。 免疫系统效率下降,增加了癌症和肺炎等严重疾病的风险。 老年痴呆症等导致精神功能丧失的疾病也越来越普遍。Causes of Aging
::老龄化的原因Why do we decline in all these ways as we age? Generally, it’s because cells stop dividing and die. There are at least two reasons why cells stop dividing:
::为什么我们随着年龄的老化在所有这些方面都下降? 一般来说,这是因为细胞停止分裂和死亡。 细胞停止分裂至少有两个原因:-
Cells are programmed to divide only a set number of times.
::单元格的编程只分出固定次数。 -
accumulate in
, and cells with damaged DNA may not divide.
::积聚在体内,而DNA受损的细胞不能分离。
Summary
::摘要-
During early adulthood, people form intimate relationships and start careers.
::在成人早期,人们建立亲密关系并开始职业生涯。 -
Serious health problems start showing up in middle adulthood and old age.
::严重的健康问题在成年和老年阶段开始出现。 -
Aging occurs as cells lose their ability to divide.
::随着细胞失去分化能力,就会出现老龄化。
Review
::回顾-
When does adulthood begin?
::成年从何时开始? -
What are the most common causes of death associated with early adulthood?
::与成年早期有关的最常见的死亡原因是什么? -
What diseases are often diagnosed during middle adulthood?
::在成年中期往往诊断出哪些疾病? -
Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die.
::衰老与细胞死亡有关,给出细胞死亡的两个原因。 -
List three ways to help prevent heart disease as a person ages.
::列出三个帮助预防人类年龄的心脏病的途径。
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try to be more physically active,
