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  • General

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  • 异异体混合体

    A hand holding assorted jelly beans of various colors and sizes.

    What's the best way to eat a bag of jelly beans?

    ::吃一袋果冻豆子的最好方法是什么?

    Many people open the bag and eat all the candy, no matter what flavor each piece is. Others pick through the collection. They might say “I don’t like the orange ones.” Or maybe they just care for the lemon ones. There are different kinds of jelly beans in the and people will eat what they want and get rid of the rest.
    ::许多人打开袋子,吃所有的糖果,不管每块的口味如何。 其他人从收藏品中挑选。 其他人可能会说 : “ 我不喜欢橙色。 ”或者说他们只是关心柠檬。 里面有不同种类的果冻豆,人们会吃他们想要的东西,把其余的东西除掉。

    Heterogeneous Mixtures
    ::异异体混合体

    A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. Vegetable soup is a heterogeneous mixture. Any given spoonful of soup will contain varying amounts of the different vegetables and other components of the soup.
    ::多种混合物是一种混合物,其成分在整个混合物中并不一致,蔬菜汤是一种多种混合物,给定汤汤汤的任何汤匙将含有不同数量的不同蔬菜和汤中的其他成分。

    A phase is any part of a sample that has a uniform composition and properties. By definition, a pure substance or a consists of a single phase. A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases.  When oil and water are combined, they do not mix evenly, but instead form two separate layers. Each of the layers is called a phase.
    ::一个阶段是具有统一组成和特性的样本的任何部分。根据定义,纯物质或由单一阶段组成。一种混杂的混合物由两个或两个以上阶段组成。当石油和水混合在一起时,它们不均匀地混合,而是形成两个不同的层次。每个层次被称为一个阶段。

    A glass showing two distinct liquid layers, representing a heterogeneous mixture of oil and water.
    Oil and water do not mix, instead forming two distinct layers called phases. The oil phase is less dense than the water phase and so the oil floats on top of the water.

    In the vegetable soup example, one phase would be the soup itself. This phase has vitamins, minerals, and other components dissolved in the water. This phase would be homogeneous. The carrots, peas, corn, or other vegetables represent other phases of the soup. The various vegetables are not mixed evenly mixed in the soup, but are spread around at random.
    ::在蔬菜汤的例子中,一个阶段就是汤本身。这个阶段有维生素、矿物质和其他溶解在水中的成分。 这个阶段是同质的。 胡萝卜、豆、玉米或其他蔬菜代表汤的其他阶段。 各种蔬菜在汤中混杂不均,而是随意散布。

    There are a large number of heterogeneous mixtures around us. Soil is composed of a variety of substances and is often of different composition depending on the sample taken. One shovel may come up with dirt and grass while the next shovel could contain an earthworm.
    ::土壤由多种物质组成,其成分往往因采样而异,其中一种铲子可能含有泥土和草,而另一种铲子可能含有蚯蚓。

    Smog is another example of a heterogeneous mixture. This murky collection of pollutants can be a mixture of water and contaminants from burning gasoline or plastics mixed with nitric oxide derivatives and ozone. You can see that the smog distribution in the air illustrate below is not evenly spread out, but varies from one part of the atmosphere to another.
    ::烟雾是多种混合物的另一个例子,这种污染物的模糊收集可能是燃烧汽油或塑料产生的水和污染物的混合体,与氧化氮衍生物和臭氧混合。你可以看到,下面的空气烟雾分布图示分布不均匀,但各部分的大气不同。

    Smog over the New York City skyline, illustrating a heterogeneous mixture in the atmosphere.
    Smog in New York City.

     

     

     

     

     

     Whether the air is clean or smoggy, it's a collection of molecules. See what it's made of in this simulation: 
    ::无论空气是干净的还是烟雾的, 它都是分子的集合。看看模拟中它是由什么产生的:

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
      ::多种混合物是一种混合物,其成分在整个混合物中并不一致。
    • A phase is a separate layer in a heterogeneous mixture.
      ::相位是不同混合物中的一个单独层。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Define a heterogeneous mixture.
      ::定义一种混杂的混合物。
    2. Why is vegetable soup a heterogeneous mixture?
      ::为什么蔬菜汤是多种混合物?
    3. How many phases are in a heterogeneous mixture?
      ::多种混合物中有多少阶段?