Section outline

  • General

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  • 活性剂和产品

    A dual-monitor computer setup with a keyboard, mouse, and a can of soda.

    What would you do without a computer?
    ::没有电脑你会怎么做?

    Over the last few decades, computers have proven to be extremely useful tools for organizing and processing information.  You put data into the computer (such as the structural parameters of a compound) and your output can be a detailed diagram of how that molecule looks in three dimensions.  The computer and its programs transform input data into a useful final product.
    ::在过去几十年里,计算机已证明是组织和处理信息的极为有用的工具。您将数据输入计算机(例如化合物的结构参数),而您的输出可以是该分子在三个维度中外观的详细图表。计算机及其程序将输入数据转换成有用的最终产品。

    Chemical Equation
    ::化学赤道

    The reaction between zinc and sulfur can be shown in what is called a chemical equation .  In words, we could write the reaction as:
    ::锌和硫之间的反应可以在所谓的化学方程式中显示出来。 换句话说, 我们可以把反应写成:

    zinc + sulfur → zinc sulfide
    ::锌 + 硫磺 硫化锌

    The more convenient way to express a is to use the symbols and formulas of the substances involved:
    ::比较方便的表达方式是使用所涉物质的符号和公式:

    Zn + S → ZnS
    ::Zn + S + ZnS

    The substance(s) to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are called reactants .  A reactant is a substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.  The substance(s) to the right of the arrow are called products .  A product is a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.  In the equation above, the zinc and sulfur are the reactants that chemically combine to form the zinc sulfide product.
    ::化学方程式中箭头左侧的物质称为反应剂。反应剂是一种化学反应开始时存在的物质。箭头右侧的物质称为产品。产品是一种化学反应结束时存在的物质。在以上方程式中,锌和硫是化学结合形成锌硫化物产品的反应剂。

    There is a standard way of .  The reactants are all written on the left-hand side of the equation, with the products on the right-hand side.  An arrow points from the reactants to the products to indicate the direction of the reaction:
    ::有一种标准的方法。反应器都写在方程式的左侧,产品在右侧。从反应器到产品的箭头点来显示反应的方向:

    reactants → products
    ::产品

    When appropriate, a symbol may be written above or below the arrow to indicate some special circumstance.  The symbol "Δ" is often used to indicate that the reaction is to be heated.
    ::在适当情况下,可以在箭头上方或箭下方写出符号,以表示某些特殊情况。通常使用符号“”表示反应要加热。

    The presence of the arrow also indicates that the reaction goes in one direction under the conditions indicated.  There are reactions which can be easily reversed, but we will not take those up right now.
    ::箭头的出现也表明,在所述条件下,反应朝着一个方向进行,有些反应很容易逆转,但我们现在不会采取。

    There are a wide variety of reactions possible: may form compounds (as seen in the reaction above), compounds may form elements (water will break down in the presence of an electric current to form hydrogen and oxygen gas) or compounds may combine, break apart, or rearrange to form new materials.
    ::可能的反应多种多样:可能形成化合物(如上述反应所示),可能形成元素(水在形成氢和氧气的电流下会分解),或化合物可能组合、分裂或重新排列以形成新材料。

      

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A chemical equation describes a chemical reaction.
      ::化学方程式描述化学反应。
    • Reactants are starting materials and are written on the left-hand side of the equation.
      ::活性剂是起动材料,写在方程式的左侧。
    • Products are the end-result of the reaction and are written on the right-hand side of the equation.
      ::产品是反应的最终结果,写在方程式的右侧。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a reactant?
      ::什么是反应器?
    2. What is a product?
      ::什么是产品?
    3. What does a chemical equation do?
      ::化学方程式是做什么的?
    4. In the reaction sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen, 
      1. what are the reactants?
        ::什么是反应者?
      2. what are the products?
        ::什么是产品?

      ::在反应钠+水-氢氧化钠+氢-反应中,反应剂是什么?产品是什么?