5.9 量子力学
Section outline
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How do you study something that seemingly makes no sense?
::你怎么研究一些似乎毫无意义的东西?We talk about electrons being in orbits and it sounds like we can tell where that is at any moment. We can draw pictures of electrons in orbit, but the reality is that we just don’t know exactly where they are. We are going to take a quick look at an area of science that even leaves scientists puzzled. When asked about quantum mechanics, Niels Bohr (who proposed the Bohr model of the atom) said: “Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it”. Richard Feynman (one of the founders of modern quantum theory) stated: “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum theory”. So, let’s take a short trip into a land that challenges our every-day world.
::我们谈论电子在轨道上,听起来我们随时都能知道它在哪里。我们可以绘制轨道上电子的图片,但现实是我们不能确切地知道它们在哪里。 我们将快速地查看一个甚至让科学家感到困惑的科学领域。 当被问及量子力学时,尼尔斯·伯尔(Niels Bohr,他提议了波尔原子模型 ) , 他说 : “ 没有被量子理论震撼的人不会理解它 ” 。 理查德·费曼(现代量子理论的创始人之一)说 : “ 我认为我可以肯定地说没有人理解量子理论 ” 。 因此,让我们到一个挑战我们日常世界的土地上短暂旅行。 ”Quantum Mechanics
::量子机械学The study of motion of large objects such as baseballs is called mechanics, or more specifically classical mechanics. Because the quantum nature of the electron and other tiny particles moving at high speeds, classical mechanics is inadequate to accurately describe their motion. Quantum mechanics is the study of the motion of objects that are atomic or subatomic in size and thus demonstrate wave-particle duality. In classical mechanics, the size and mass of the objects involved effectively obscures any quantum effects so that such objects appear to gain or lose energies in any amounts. In quantum mechanics, the motion of particles can only be affected as they gain or lose energy in discrete amounts called quanta
::由于电子和其他微小微粒的量子性质以高速移动,古典力学不足以准确描述其运动。量子力学是对大小为原子或亚原子的物体运动的研究,从而表明波粒的双重性。在古典力学中,所涉物体的大小和质量有效地掩盖了任何量子效应,使这类物体看起来可以取得或失去任何数量的能量。在量子力学中,粒子的运动只能随着它们以被称为夸坦的离散量获得或失去能量而受到影响。在量子力学中,粒子的运动只能随着它们以所谓夸坦的离散量获得或失去能量而受到影响。One of the fundamental (and hardest to understand) principles of quantum mechanics is that the electron is both a particle and a wave. In the everyday macroscopic world of things we can see, something cannot be both. But this duality can exist in the quantum world of the submicroscopic at the atomic scale.
::量子力学的基本(和最难理解的)原理之一是电子既是粒子,也是波。在日常的大型世界中,我们可以看到的东西不可能两者兼而有之。但这种双重性存在于原子规模的亚微微粒子的量子世界中。At the heart of quantum mechanics is the idea that we cannot specify accurately the location of an electron. All we can say is that there is a probability that it exists within this certain volume of space. The scientist Erwin Schrödinger developed an equation that deals with these calculations, which we will not pursue at this time.
::量子力学的核心思想是,我们无法准确确定电子的位置。我们只能说,在一定空间范围内存在电子的可能性。 科学家Erwin Schrödinger开发了一个处理这些计算过程的方程式,目前我们不会这样做。Erwin Schrödinger Summary
::摘要-
Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at the atomic level where the particles motion is described by gaining or losing the discrete amounts called quanta.
::量子力学涉及在原子一级研究材料,在原子一级,粒子运动是通过获取或丢失被称为夸坦的离散量来描述的。 -
In quantum mechanics, electrons exist
simultaneously
as both a particle and wave
.
::在量子力学中,电子同时作为粒子和波而存在。 -
This field deals with probabilities since we cannot definitely locate a particle.
::本字段涉及概率,因为我们无法确定粒子的位置。
Review
::回顾-
What does quantum mechanics help us understand?
::量子力学能帮助我们理解什么? -
How does quantum mechanics describe an electron?
::量子力学如何描述电子? -
According quantum mechanics, we cannot specify accurately the location of an electron. However what can we do to describe its location?
::根据量子力学,我们无法准确确定电子的位置。 但我们能做些什么来描述它的位置呢?
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Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at the atomic level where the particles motion is described by gaining or losing the discrete amounts called quanta.
