Section outline

  • General

    Collapse all Expand all

  • 惰性气体配置

    Dining table set for a meal, with plates, glasses, and a colorful fruit bowl.

    How does it feel to be full after a meal?
    ::吃完饭后吃饱的感觉如何?

    You had a great meal, but cannot put another bite in your mouth because there is no place for it to go. The have the same problem – there is no room for any more electrons in their outer shells. They are completely full and cannot handle any more.
    ::你吃了一顿大餐,但不能在嘴里再咬一口,因为没有地方可以吃。 问题也是一样的 — — 外壳里没有更多的电子空间。 外壳是满满的,无法再处理了。

    Noble Gas Configurations
    ::惰性气体配置

    Sodium, number eleven, is the first element in the third period of the periodic table . Its electron configuration is 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 1 . The first ten electrons of the sodium are the inner-shell electrons and the configuration of just those ten electrons is exactly the same as the configuration of the element neon (Z = 10). This provides the basis for a shorthand notation for configurations called the noble gas configuration. The elements that are found in the last column of the periodic table are an important group of elements that are called the noble gases. They are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble prior to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. So for sodium, we make the substitution of [Ne] for the 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 part of the configuration. Sodium’s noble gas configuration becomes [Ne]3 s 1 . Table shows the noble gas configurations of the third period elements.
    ::Sodium, 十一号, 是周期表第三期的第一个元素。 其电子配置为 1 s22s22p63s1 。 钠的前十种电子是内壳电子, 这十种电子的配置与元素中线( Z= 10) 的配置完全相同 。 这为被称为 惰性气体配置的配置提供了一个短手标记基础 。 在周期表最后一列中发现的元素是被称为惰性气体的重要元素组 。 它们是、 unon、 argon、 krypton、 xenon 和 radon 。 一个原子的惰性气体配置由原子之前最后一个高贵的元素符号组成, 然后是剩余电子的配置 。 所以对于钠, 我们用 [Ne] 替换配置的 1s22s22p6 部分。 苏dium 的惰性气体配置成为 [Ne]3s1. 表显示第三个时期元素的惰性气体配置 。

    Electron Configurations of Third-Period Elements
    Element Name Symbol Noble Gas Electron Configuration
    Sodium Na 11 [Ne]3 s 1
    Magnesium Mg 12 [Ne]3 s 2
    Aluminum Al 13 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 1
    Silicon Si 14 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 2
    Phosphorus P 15 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 3
    Sulfur S 16 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 4
    Chlorine Cl 17 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 5
    Argon Ar 18 [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 6


    Again, the number of increases from one to eight across the third period.
    ::在整个第三个期间,从1人增加到8人。

    The fourth and subsequent periods follow the same pattern except for using a different noble gas. Potassium has nineteen electrons, one more than the noble gas argon, so its configuration could be written as [Ar]4 s 1 . In a similar fashion, strontium has two more electrons than the noble gas krypton, which would allow us to write its electrons distribution as [Kr]5 s 2 . All the elements can be represented in this fashion.
    ::除了使用不同的惰性气体外,第四期和以后各期都遵循同样的模式。 钾有十九种电子,比惰性气体正方形多一个,因此其配置可以写成[Ar4s1]。 类似地,的电量比氢气Krypton多两个,这样我们就能够将其电子分布写成[Kr]5s2。 所有元素都可以以这种方式表示。

     

     

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The noble gas configuration system allows some shortening of the total electron configuration by using the symbol for the noble gas of the previous period as part of the pattern of electrons.
      ::惰性气体配置系统使用上一时期惰性气体的符号作为电子图案的一部分,使总电子配置可以略为缩短。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is the element represented by [Ne]3 s 2 3 p 2 ?
      ::[Ne]3s23p2所代表的要素是什么?
    2. What element has this electron configuration [Ar]4s 2 3 d 7 ?
      ::电子配置[Ar]4s23d7]是什么元素?
    3. What noble gas would be part of the electron configuration notation for Mn?
      ::哪些惰性气体是MN电子配置符号的一部分?
    4. How would you write the electron configuration for Ba?
      ::你会如何为Ba写电子配置?