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  • General

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  • 象类体

    A pencil is marking answers on a multiple-choice test sheet.

    Have you ever taken a multiple-choice test? 
    ::你做过多重选择测试吗?

    Most of the time the answers are specific choices – is the answer possibility a or possibility b? Quite often you can “think through” the choices to come up with the correct answer.  More frustrating is the choice “none of the above.” You feel very uncertain checking that possibility.  
    ::大部分时候答案都是具体的选择 — — 答案是可能性a或可能性b? 通常情况下,你可以“思考”正确答案的选择。 更令人沮丧的是选择“没有上述任何选择 ” 。 你对检查这一可能性感到非常不确定。

    Metalloids 
    ::象类体

    Some are “none of the above.” They don’t fit neatly into the categories of metal or non-metal because of their characteristics. A metalloid is an element that has properties that are intermediate between those of and .  Metalloids can also be called semimetals. On the periodic table , the elements colored yellow, which generally border the stair-step line, are considered to be metalloids. Notice that aluminum borders the line, but it is considered to be a metal since all of its properties are like those of metals.
    ::有些是“没有的 ” 。 由于其特性,它们不完全适合金属或非金属的类别。 一种金属类是具有介于金属类和非金属类之间的特性的一个元素。 一种金属类也可以被称为半金属类。 在周期表上,通常与楼梯阶线相邻的黄色元素被认为是类物质。 注意铝与线接壤,但被认为是一种金属,因为其所有特性都与金属类似。

    Periodic table highlighting metalloids, colored yellow, along with metals and nonmetals.

     

     

    Examples of Metalloids  
    ::代谢物实例

    Silicon is a typical metalloid (see  Figure   ). It has luster like a metal, but is brittle like a nonmetal. Silicon is used extensively in computer chips and other electronics because its electrical conductivity is in between that of a metal and a nonmetal.
    ::硅是一种典型的类固醇(见图 ) 。 它有像金属那样的光滑,但像非金属一样易碎。 硅广泛用于计算机芯片和其他电子产品,因为它的导电率介于金属和非金属之间。

    Silicon sample showing its shiny, metallic appearance and brittle texture.

    Silicon.
    ::硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅 硅

    Boron is a versatile element that can be incorporated into a number of compounds (see  Figure   ).  Borosilicate glass is extremely resistance to thermal shock.  Extreme changes in the temperature of objects containing borosilicates will not create any damage to the material, unlike other glass compositions, which would crack or shatter.  Because of their strength, boron filaments are used as light, high-strength materials for airplanes, golf clubs, and fishing rods. Sodium tetraborate is widely used in fiberglass as insulation and also is employed in many detergents and cleaners.
    ::是一种多功能元素,可纳入若干化合物(见图)。 硅酸铝玻璃对热震极有抗药性; 含有硅酸盐的物体温度的极端变化不会对材料造成任何损害,与其他玻璃成分不同,这些成分会裂裂裂或粉碎; 由于其强度,将硅丝作为光、高强度材料用于飞机、高尔夫俱乐部和捕鱼棒; 硅酸钠广泛用于玻璃纤维,作为绝缘,许多清洁剂和清洁剂也使用。

    A sample of native arsenic, showcasing its unique metallic appearance and structure.

    Boron.
    ::波伦

    Arsenic has long played a role in murder mysteries, being used to commit the foul deed (see  Figure   ).  This use of the material is not very smart since arsenic can be easily detected on autopsy.  We find arsenic in pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides, but the use of arsenic for these applications is decreasing due to the toxicity of the metal.  Its effectiveness as an insecticide has led arsenic to be used as a wood preservative.
    ::长期以来,砷在谋杀奥秘中扮演了角色,被用于作恶(见图 ) 。 这种材料的使用并不非常聪明,因为在验尸时可以很容易地检测到砷。 我们在杀虫剂、除草剂和杀虫剂中发现了砷,但由于金属的毒性,用于这些用途的砷的使用正在减少。它作为杀虫剂的效用导致砷被用作木材防腐剂。

    Sample of a bluish-white metallic material, showcasing antimony's brittle texture.

    Arsenic.
    ::砷。

    Antimony is a brittle, bluish-white metallic material that is a poor conductor of electricity (see Figure ).  Used with lead, antimony increases the hardness and strength of the . This material plays an important role in the fabrication of electronic and semiconductor devices.  About half of the antimony used industrially is employed in the production of , bullets, and .
    ::硝烟是一种易碎的、易碎的白金属材料,其电导力差(见图 )。用铅时,增加其硬度和强度。这种材料在制造电子和半导体装置中起着重要作用。工业用约一半的用于生产子弹和(或)子弹。

    Metallic antimony sample, showing a brittle, bluish-white texture and irregular surface.

    Antimony.
    ::。

    Summary  
    ::摘要

    • Metalloids are elements with properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals
      ::类象体是金属与非金属之间具有性质中间特性的元素。
    • Silicon is a metalloid because it has luster, but is brittle.
      ::硅是一种类固醇,因为它有光滑,但易碎。
    • Boron, arsenic, and antimony are metalloids with a variety of uses.
      ::、砷和是具有多种用途的金属类。

    Review  
    ::回顾

    1. Define “metalloid.”
      ::定义“流星体”。
    2. Why would it be difficult to decide whether or not an element was a metalloid based on its properties?
      ::为什么难以决定一个元素是否基于其特性而确定一个金属类物质?
    3. Why is silicon used extensively in electronics?
      ::为什么硅广泛用于电子产品?
    4. What are borosilicates used for?
      ::氧化硅酸盐是用来做什么的?
    5. Why is the use of arsenic as an insecticide decreasing?
      ::为什么砷作为杀虫剂的使用在减少?
    6. What is a main application of antimony?
      ::的主要用途是什么?