7.4 Anion
Section outline
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What does the amount of salt in seaweed tell us?
::海藻里的盐量告诉我们什么?Before iodized salt was developed, some people experienced a number of developmental difficulties, including problems with thyroid gland function and intellectual disabilities. In the 1920s, we learned that these conditions could usually be treated easily with the addition of iodide anion to the diet. One easy way to increase iodide intake was to add the anion to table salt. This simple step greatly enhanced health and development. Large amounts of iodide are also found in seaweed such as kelp (see picture above) and saltwater fish.
::在碘化盐开发之前,一些人经历了一些发育困难,包括甲状腺功能和智力残疾问题。在1920年代,我们了解到,在饮食中添加碘化阴离子通常可以很容易地处理这些条件。增加碘化盐摄入量的一个简单方法就是将阴离子添加到食盐中。这一简单步骤极大地增进了健康和发育。在海藻(如海藻(见上文图)和咸水鱼类等海藻中也发现了大量的碘化物。When a metal loses an , energy is needed to remove that electron. The other part of this process involves the addition of the electron to another . The electron adds to the outer shell of the new element. Just as the loss of the electron from the metal produces a full shell, when the electron or electrons are added to the new element, it also results in a full shell.
::当金属丢失一个电子时,需要能量来去除该电子。这一过程的另一方面是将电子添加到另一个电子中。电子添加到新元素的外壳中。正如金属电子的丧失产生一个完整的壳,当电子或电子被添加到新元素中时,它也产生一个完整的壳。Anions
::阴离Anions are negative ions that are formed when a gains one or more electrons. Anions are so named because they are attracted to the anode (positive field) in an electric field. Atoms typically gain electrons so that they will have the electron configuration of a . All the elements in Group 17 have seven due to the outer ns 2 np 5 configuration. Therefore, each of these elements would gain one electron and become an anion with a 1− charge. Likewise, Group 16 elements form ions with a 2− charge, and the Group 15 nonmetals form ions with a 3− charge.
::离子是负离子,当增加一个或多个电子时即形成负离子。 离子之所以如此命名, 是因为它们被电场中的阳极( 阳性场) 吸引。 原子通常会获得电子, 从而产生一个电子配置 。 第17组中的所有元素都有7个, 原因是外向 ns2np5 配置。 因此, 这些元素中的每个元素都会获得一个电子, 成为1- 电荷的离子。 同样, 第16组元素形成2- 电荷的离子, 15组非金属组成3-电荷的离子 。Naming anions is slightly different than naming . The ending of the element’s name is dropped and replaced with the – ide suffix. For example, F - is the fluoride ion, while O 2- is the oxide ion. As is the case with cations, the charge on the anion is indicated by a superscript following the symbol. Common anions are listed in Table :
::命名阴离子与命名略有不同。元素名称的结尾被删除并替换为-ide 后缀。例如,F-是氟离子,O2-是氧化离子。和cations一样,阴离子上的电荷用符号后面的上标表示。常见的蚂蚁列在表 :Anion Name
::Anion 名称Symbol and Charge
::文号和支出fluoride
::氟化氢F -
::费 -chloride
::氯化氯化Cl -
::Cl - 克 - 克 - 克 - 克bromide
::溴 溴 溴Br -
::溴-溴iodide
::碘碘化I -
::我 -oxide
::氧化亚氮O 2-
::O2 -O2 -O2 -O2sulfide
::硫化硫化物S 2-
::S2-S2型nitride
::硝基N 3-
::N3 -Uses for Anions
::Anions 用途Fluoride ion is widely used in water supplies to help prevent tooth decay. Chloride is an important component in ion balance in blood. Iodide ion is needed by the thyroid gland to make the hormone thyroxine.
::氟化物离子广泛用于供水,以帮助防止牙齿腐烂,氯化物是血液离子平衡的重要组成部分,甲状腺需要碘化离子来制造荷尔蒙甲状腺。Summary
::摘要-
Anions are formed by the addition of one or more electrons to the outer shell of an atom.
::原子外壳增加一个或多个电子形成蚂蚁。 -
Group 17 elements add one electron to the outer shell, group 16 elements add two electrons, and group 15 elements add three electrons.
::第17组元素在外壳上增加1个电子,第16组元素增加2个电子,第15组元素增加3个电子。 -
Anions are named by dropping the ending of the element’s name and adding -
ide.
::以放弃元素名称的结尾并添加 - ide 来命名蚂蚁。
Review
::回顾-
What is an anion?
::什么是阴离子? -
How are anions formed?
::血管是如何形成的? -
Why do anions form?
::为什么肛门会形成? -
How are anions named?
::蚂蚁的名字怎么命名的? -
List three examples of anions with names, charges, and chemical symbols.
::列举三个含有名称、炸药和化学符号的阴离子的例子。 -
List three ways anions are used.
::列出三种使用阴离子的方法。
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Anions are formed by the addition of one or more electrons to the outer shell of an atom.
