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  • Ternary 电离离子化合物 - 命名和公式

    A pepperoni pizza with melted cheese on a crust, placed on a cardboard surface.


    How many varieties of pizza can you think of?
    ::你能想到多少种比萨饼?

    Most people enjoy eating pizza.  When they order a pizza (either by phone, on-line, or in a restaurant), they don’t just order “pizza.”  Even the simplest “binary” pizza will have a topping and cheese – maybe pepperoni, maybe something else. However, many pizzas quickly become more complex. One person may want pepperoni and sausage, another may wish to order Canadian bacon and pineapple, and then you have the folks that can’t decide, so they order half-this and half-that.  The combinations may be more complex, but the same basic ideas about pizza are valid.
    ::大多数人都喜欢吃比萨饼。 当他们订购比萨饼(通过电话、在线或餐馆)时,他们不仅仅点“披萨 ” 。 即使是简单的“二进制”比萨饼也配有奶油和奶酪 — — 也许是辣椒,也可能是其它东西。 然而,许多比萨饼很快就变得更加复杂了。 一个人可能想要辣椒和香肠,另一个人可能想要点加拿大培根和菠萝,然后有不能决定的人,因此他们点了一半和一半。 组合可能更为复杂,但关于披萨的基本想法同样有效。

    Ternary Ionic Compounds
    ::铁铁铁离电化合物

    Not all are composed of only monatomic . A ternary ionic is an ionic compound composed of three or more . In a typical ternary ionic compound , there is still one type of and one type of involved. The cation, the anion, or both, is a polyatomic ion .
    ::并非全部由单质蛋白组成。 单质蛋白是一种由三种或三种以上组成的离子化合物。 在典型的单质蛋白化合物中,仍然有一种类型和一种类型。 圆形、 阴离子或两者都是多解离子。

    Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds
    ::命名Ternary 电离化合物

    The process of naming ternary ionic compounds is the same as naming binary ionic compounds . The cation is named first, followed by the anion. Some examples are shown in  Table :
    ::命名双弦化合物的过程与命名二元离子化合物的过程相同。先命名二次离子化合物,然后命名阴离子。

    Examples of Ternary Ionic Compounds

    Formula
    ::公式公式公式

    Name
    ::名称名称名称名称名称

    NaNO 3
    ::纳诺3

    sodium nitrate
    ::硝酸钠

    NH 4 Cl
    ::NH4Cl1 NH4Cl1

    ammonium chloride
    ::氯化铵

    Fe(OH) 3
    ::Fe(OH)3

    iron(III) hydroxide
    ::IH(III) 氢氧化氢

    When more than one polyatomic ion is present in a compound, the formula of the ion is placed in parentheses with a subscript outside of the parentheses that indicates how many of those ions are in the compound. In the last example above, there is one Fe 3+ cation and three OH - anions.
    ::当化合物中存在一个以上的多原子离子时,离子的公式将置于括号内,括号外有一个下标,说明化合物中有多少这些离子。在以上最后一个例子中,有一个Fe3+cation和三个OH阴离子。

    Writing Formulas for Ternary Ionic Compounds
    ::Ternary 离子化合物写法公式

    Writing a formula for a ternary ionic compound also involves the same steps as for a binary ionic compound. Write the symbol and charge of the cation followed by the symbol and charge of the anion. Use the crisscross method to ensure that the final formula is neutral. Calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cation and a nitrate anion.
    ::刻写一个配方, 用于永久离子化合物的配方, 也包含与二进制离子化合物相同的步骤。 写入刻度的符号和电荷, 之后加上阴离子的符号和电荷。 使用晶体交叉法确保最终的配方是中性的。 硝酸钙由钙化和硝酸盐阴离子组成 。

    crisscross method used to write formula for calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2.

    The charge is balanced by the presence of two nitrate ions and one calcium ion. Parentheses are used around the nitrate ion because more than one of the polyatomic ion is needed. If only one polyatomic ion is in a formula, parentheses are not used. As an example, the formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO 3 . The carbonate ion carries a 2− charge and so exactly balances the 2+ charge of the calcium ion.
    ::电荷由两种硝酸盐离子和一种钙离子的含量平衡。在硝酸离子周围使用括号是因为需要不止一种多原子离子。如果一个公式中只有一个多原子离子,则不使用括号。例如,碳酸钙的公式是CaCO3。碳酸盐离子含有2-电荷,因此精确平衡了2+电荷。

    There are two polyatomic ions that produce unusual formulas. The Hg 2 2+ ion is called either the dimercury ion or, preferably, the mercury(I) ion. When bonded with an anion with a 1− charge, such as chloride, the formula is Hg 2 Cl 2 . Because the cation consists of two Hg atoms bonded together, this formula is not reduced to HgCl. Likewise, the peroxide ion, O 2 2- , is also a unit that must stay together in its formulas. For example, the formula for potassium peroxide is K 2 O 2 .
    ::有两种多原子离子产生不寻常的公式。 汞22+离子称为二汞离子, 或最好称为汞离子。 当与电荷1- 充电的阴离子捆绑在一起时, 公式是汞2Cl2。 由于电离由两个汞原子捆绑在一起, 这个公式不会被降为汞Cl。 同样, 过氧化离子O22也是必须在其公式中保持在一起的一个单位。 例如, 过氧化钾的公式是K2O2。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Ternary compounds are composed of three or more elements.
      ::轮胎化合物由三个或三个以上元素组成。
    • Ternary compounds are named by stating the cation first, followed by the anion.
      ::铁矿石化合物的命名方式是首先说明硫化物,然后说明阴离子。
    • Positive and negative charges must balance.
      ::正面和负面收费必须平衡。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a ternary compound?
      ::什么是永久化合物?
    2. What is the basic rule for naming ternary compounds?
      ::命名永久化合物的基本规则是什么?
    3. Write the formulas for the following compounds:
      1. mercury(II) nitrate
        ::汞(II)硝酸汞
      2. ammonium phosphate
        ::磷酸铵
      3. calcium silicate
        ::硅酸钙
      4. lead(II) chromate
        ::LE(II) 染色体

      ::写下列化合物的公式:汞(II)硝酸铵磷酸盐钙硅酸盐铅(II)铬酸盐
    4. Name the following compounds:
      1. KClO 3
        ::KClO3 KClO3
      2. Rb 2 SO 4
        ::Rb2SO4 转二SO4
      3. Cd(NO 3 ) 2
        ::Cd(NO3)2
      4. NaCN
        ::NaCN 纳纳

      ::下列化合物名称: KClO3 Rb2SO4 Cd(NO3)2 NaCN