8.6 音音邦
章节大纲
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Does the sea really have salt in it?
::海真的有盐吗?We can get common table salt from several sources. It can be mined in the solid form in salt mines or found as a solid in deposits. We can also get salt from the ocean, but it really does not exist as salt when in solution. The sodium and chloride ions are dissolved, but not combined into a structure until all the water is removed.
::我们可以从几个来源获得共同的食盐。 它可以在盐矿中以固体的形式开采, 也可以在矿床中找到固体的食盐。 我们还可以从海洋中获取盐, 但是在溶解时它实际上并不存在作为盐。 钠和氯化离子被溶解了, 但在所有水被清除之前,它不会合并成一个结构。Most of the rocks and minerals that make up the Earth’s crust are composed of positive and negative ions held together by ionic bonding. An is an electrically neutral consisting of positive and negative ions. You are very familiar with some ionic compounds such as sodium chloride (NaCl). A sodium chloride crystal consists of equal numbers of positive sodium ions (Na + ) and negative chloride ions (Cl − ).
::构成地球地壳的大多数岩石和矿物由正和负离子组成,由离子结合合在一起。一个由正和负离子组成的中电子中和。你非常熟悉某些离子化合物,如氯化钠(NaCl)。氯化钠晶体由正离子(Na+)和负氯化离子(Cl-)等量的正离子(Na+)和负氯化离子(Cl-)组成。Ionic Bonds
::离音键Oppositely charged particles attract each other. This attractive force is often referred to as an electrostatic force . An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound . The strength of the ionic bond is directly dependent upon the quantity of the charges and inversely dependent on the distance between the charged particles. A with a 2+ charge will make a stronger ionic bond than a cation with a 1+ charge. A larger ion makes a weaker ionic bond because of the greater distance between its electrons and the nucleus of the oppositely charged ion.
::反电荷粒子相互吸引。 这种吸引力通常被称为静电力。 离子连接是将离子放在离子化合物中的静电力。 离子连接的强度直接取决于电荷的数量, 反向取决于被电粒子之间的距离。 一个带2+电荷的电离将比一个带有1+电荷的电离强。 一个更大的离子使得离子连接较弱, 因为它的电离子与反电离子核之间的距离较大。Electron Dot Diagrams
::电子点图图We will use sodium chloride as an example to demonstrate the nature of the ionic bond and how it forms. As you know, sodium is a metal and loses its one to become a cation. Chlorine is a and gains one in becoming an . Both achieve a noble- electron configuration . However, electrons cannot be simply “lost” to nowhere in particular. A more accurate way to describe what is happening is that a single electron is transferred from the sodium to the chlorine atom as shown below.
::我们将以氯化钠为例,来证明离子结合的性质及其形成方式。你知道,钠是一种金属,会失去一种成为碳化物的金属。氯是一种,在变成一种碳化物方面会获得好处。两者都能实现高贵电子配置。然而,电子不能简单地“丢失”到一个特定的地方。更准确地描述正在发生的情况的方法是,单种电子从钠转移到氯原子,如下文所示。The ionic bond is the attraction of the Na + ion for the Cl − ion. It is conventional to show the cation without dots around the symbol to emphasize that the original energy level that contained the valence electron is now empty. The anion is now shown with a complete octet of electrons.
::ionic 连接是 Na+ 离子对 Cl- 离子的吸引力。 通常会用符号周围显示没有点的刻度, 以强调包含valence 电子的原始能量水平现在已经是空的。 阴离子现在显示为全部电子 。For a compound such as magnesium chloride, it is not quite as simple. Because magnesium has two valence electrons, it needs to lose both to achieve the noble-gas configuration. Therefore, two chlorine atoms will be needed.
::对于氯化镁等化合物来说,它并不那么简单。 由于镁有两个价值电子,它必须同时失去两个价值电子,才能实现惰性气体配置。 因此,需要两个氯原子。The final formula for magnesium chloride is MgCl 2 .
::氯化镁的最终配方是MgCl2。Summary
::摘要-
An ionic compound contains positive and negative ions.
::电离子化合物含有正离子和负离子。 -
An ionic bond is electrostatic in nature.
::电离连接是静电性质的。 -
Electron dot diagrams can be used to illustrate electron movements and ion formation.
::电子点图可用于说明电子移动和离子形成。
Review
::回顾-
What is an ionic compound?
::什么是离子化合物? -
What is an ionic bond?
::什么是离子连接? -
Which cation (Na
+
or Ca
2+
) would form a stronger ionic bond with Cl
-
?
::哪些刻度( Na+ 或 Ca2+) 会形成更强的离子连接 ?
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An ionic compound contains positive and negative ions.
