章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 分子路线图

    Map of coastal North Carolina showing Manteo and surrounding towns for navigation reference.

    How do I get from here to there?
    ::我怎么从这里到那里?

    If I want to visit the town of Manteo, North Carolina, out on the coast, I will need a map of how to get there.  I may have a printed map or I may download directions from the internet, but I need something to get me going in the right direction.  Chemistry road maps serve the same purpose.  How do I handle a certain type of calculation? There is a process and a set of directions to help.
    ::如果我想访问北卡罗来纳州的曼提奥镇,在海岸外,我需要一张如何到达那里的地图。我可能有一张印刷的地图,或者我可以从互联网上下载一些指示,但我需要一些东西才能使我走上正确的方向。化学路线图也有同样的目的。我如何处理某种计算方法?有一个过程和一套方向可以帮助我。

    Mole Road Map
    ::分子路线图

    Previously, we saw how the required two steps, with moles as the intermediate .  This concept can now be extended to also include volume at STP.  The resulting diagram is referred to as a mole road map (see Figure ).
    ::以前,我们看到了所需的两个步骤,以内鬼为中间点,现在这个概念可以扩大到也包括受威胁人民协会的量。 由此产生的图表被称为内鬼路线图(见图 )。

    Diagram illustrating the mole road map for converting mass, number of particles, and gas volume.

    The mole road map shows the conversion factors needed to interconvert between mass, number of particles, and volume of a gas.
    ::摩尔路线图显示了在气体质量、粒子数量和体积之间相互转换所需的转换系数。

    The mole is at the center of any calculation involving amount of a substance .  The sample problem below is one of many different problems that can be solved using the mole road map.
    ::内鬼是任何涉及物质数量的计算的中心。下面的抽样问题是许多不同的问题之一,可以通过内鬼路线图加以解决。

    Sample Problem One: Mole Road Map
    ::抽样问题一:分子路线图

    What is the volume of 79.3 g of neon gas at STP?
    ::受威胁人民协会的79.3克奈恩气体的体积是多少?

    Step 1:  List the known quantities and plan the problem.
    ::第1步:列出已知数量并规划问题。

    Known
    ::已知已知

    • Ne = 20.18 g/mol
      ::Ne=20.18克/摩尔
    • 1 mol = 22.4 L
      ::1毫毫升=22.4升

    Unknown
    ::未知

    • volume = ? L
      ::体积=L

    The conversion factors will be grams → moles → gas volume.
    ::换算系数为克-摩尔-气积。

    Step 2:  Calculate.
    ::第2步:计算。

    79.3   g Ne × 1   mol Ne 20.18   g Ne × 22.4   L Ne 1   mol Ne = 88.0   L Ne

    ::79.3克 Nex1 mol Ne20.18克 Nex22.4 L Ne1 mol Ne=88.0 L Ne

    Step 3:  Think about your result.
    ::步骤3:想想你的结果。

    The given mass of neon is equal to about 4 moles, resulting in a volume that is about 4 times larger than molar volume .
    ::给定的纳米质量等于大约4个摩尔,其体积比摩尔体积大约4倍。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • An overall process is given for calculations involving moles, grams, and gas volume.
      ::对涉及摩尔、克和气体体积的计算有一个总体过程。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. In the problem above, what is the formula weight of neon?
      ::在上述问题中,月亮的公式重量是什么?
    2. What value is at the center of all the calculations?
      ::所有计算的核心值是什么?
    3. If we had 79.3 grams of Xe, would we expect a volume that is greater than or less than that obtained with neon?
      ::如果我们有79.3克的Xe, 我们是否预期其体积会大于或小于用荧光获得的体积?