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  • 燃烧反应

    A marshmallow on a stick roasting over a vibrant open fire, highlighting combustion.

    How do you cook the perfect marshmallow?
    ::你如何烹饪完美的棉花糖?

    Roasting marshmallows over an open fire is a favorite past-time for campers, outdoor cook-outs, and just gathering around a fire in the back yard. The trick is to get the marshmallow a nice golden brown without catching it on fire. Too often we are not successful and we see the marshmallow burning on the stick – a combustion reaction taking place right in front of us.
    ::开着火烤棉花糖是露天野营、户外烹饪和在后院聚集在火堆周围最受欢迎的过去。 关键在于让棉花糖在不着火的情况下成为金色的金色。 我们常常不成功,我们看到棉花糖在棍子上燃烧 — — 就在我们面前发生燃烧反应。

    Combustion Reactions
    ::燃烧反应

    A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen , releasing energy in the form of light and . Combustion reactions must involve O 2 as one reactant . The combustion of hydrogen gas produces water vapor .
    ::燃烧反应是一种反应,一种物质与氧发生反应,以光和光的形式释放能量。 燃烧反应必须涉及O2作为一种反应剂。 氢气的燃烧产生水蒸气。

    2 H 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2 H 2 O ( g )

    ::2H2(g)+O2(g)+O2(g)}2H2O(g)

    Notice that this reaction also qualifies as a combination reaction .
    ::请注意,这种反应也属于综合反应。

    The Hindenburg airship exploding in a fireball during a landing accident in 1937.

    Explosion of the Hindenberg.
    ::辛登堡的爆炸

    The Hindenburg was a hydrogen-filled airship that suffered an accident upon its attempted landing in New Jersey in 1937. The hydrogen immediately combusted in a huge fireball, destroying the airship and killing 36 people. The was a simple one: hydrogen combining with oxygen to produce water.
    ::Hindenburg号是一艘充满氢的飞船,在1937年试图降落新泽西时遭遇了一次事故,氢立即在巨大的火球中燃烧,摧毁了飞船,杀死了36人。它很简单:氢与氧结合产生水。

    Many combustion reactions occur with a , a made up solely of carbon and hydrogen. The products of the combustion of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water. Many hydrocarbons are used as fuel because their combustion releases very large amounts of heat energy. Propane (C 3 H 8 ) is a gaseous hydrocarbon that is commonly used as the fuel source in gas grills.
    ::许多燃烧反应完全由碳和氢组成,碳氢化合物燃烧的产品是二氧化碳和水,许多碳氢化合物因燃烧释放大量热能而用作燃料,丙烷(C3H8)是一种气体碳氢化合物,在天然气烧烤中通常用作燃料源。

    C 3 H 8 ( g ) + 5 O 2 ( g ) → 3 CO 2 ( g ) + 4 H 2 O ( g )
    ::C3H8(g)+5O2(g)+5O2(g)+3CO2(g)+4H2O(g)

    Practice Problem: Combustion Reactions
    ::实践问题:燃烧反应

    Ethanol can be used as a fuel source in an lamp. The formula for ethanol is C 2 H 5 OH. Write the balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.
    ::乙醇可用作灯中的燃料来源。乙醇的配方是C2H5OH。写出乙醇燃烧的平衡方程式。

    Step 1: Plan the problem.
    ::第1步:规划问题。

    Ethanol and oxygen are the reactants. As with a hydrocarbon, the products of the combustion of an alcohol are carbon dioxide and water.
    ::乙醇和氧是反应剂,与碳氢化合物一样,酒精燃烧的产品是二氧化碳和水。

    Step 2: Solve.
    ::步骤2:解决。

    Write the skeleton equation :
    ::写下骨架方程式:

    C 2 H 5 OH ( l ) + O 2 ( g ) → CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O ( g )
    ::C2H5OH(l)+O2(g)+O2(g)+CO2(g)+H2O(g)

    Balance the equation.
    ::平衡方程式

    C 2 H 5 OH ( l ) + 3 O 2 ( g ) → 2 CO 2 ( g ) + 3 H 2 O ( g )
    ::C2H5OH(l)+3O2(g)+2O2(g)+2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)

    Step 3: Think about your result
    ::步骤3:想想你的结果

    Combustion reactions must have oxygen as a reactant. Note that the water that is produced is in the gas rather than the state because of the high temperatures that accompany a combustion reaction.
    ::燃烧反应必须有氧作为反应剂。 请注意, 产生的水在气体中, 而不是状态中, 因为燃烧反应产生的高温。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Combustion reaction is defined and examples are given.
      ::确定了燃烧反应的定义,并提供了实例。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is needed for a combustion reaction to take place?
      ::发生燃烧反应需要什么?
    2. What is formed in any combustion reaction?
      ::在任何燃烧反应中形成什么成分?
    3. Mercury reacts with oxygen to form mercuric oxide. Is this a combustion reaction?
      ::汞与氧反应形成氧化汞。这是燃烧反应吗?
    4. What are the products of any combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon?
      ::与碳氢化合物有关的任何燃烧反应的产品是什么?