Course: 14.5 《男女同性恋法》

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Gay-Lussac的《同性恋法》
How much propane is in the tank?
::油箱里有多少丙烷?

Propane tanks are widely used with barbecue grills. But it’s not fun to find out half-way through your grilling that you’ve run out of . You can buy gauges that measure the pressure inside the tank to see how much is left. The gauge measures pressure and will register a higher pressure on a hot day than it will on a cold day. So you need to take the air temperature into account when you decide whether or not to refill the tank before your next cook-out.
::丙烷罐广泛用于烧烤烤炉。但是,通过烤烤炉发现你已经用完的半边路并不好玩。您可以购买测量罐内压力的测量仪,看看还剩下多少。测量仪测量压力,温度在热天比冷天高。因此,当您决定是否在下一次烹饪前再填充储油罐时,您需要考虑空气温度。

Gay-Lussac’s Law
::Gay-Lussac的《同性恋法》

When the temperature of a sample of gas in a rigid container is increased, the pressure of the gas increases as well. The increase in results in the molecules of gas striking the walls of the container with more force, resulting in a greater pressure. The French chemist Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) discovered the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its absolute temperature. Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant. Gay-Lussac’s law is very similar to Charles’s law , with the only difference being the type of container. Whereas the container in a Charles’s law is flexible, it is rigid in a Gay-Lussac’s law experiment.
::当硬质容器中气体样本的温度上升时,气体的压力也会增加。气体分子的增加导致气体分子以更大的力冲击容器的墙壁,导致更大的压力。法国化学家约瑟夫·盖伊-卢萨克(1778-1850年)发现了气体压力与绝对温度之间的关系。盖伊-卢萨克(Gay-Lussac)的法律规定,特定气体质量的压力与气体的绝对温度直接不同,当气体的绝对温度保持不变时。盖伊-卢萨克(Gay-Lussac)的法律与查尔斯的法律非常相似,唯一的区别是容器的类型。尽管查尔斯法律中的容器是灵活的,但在盖伊-卢萨克(Gay-Lussac)的法律实验中却是僵硬的。

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac.
::约瑟夫・路易・盖・卢萨克

The mathematical expressions for Gay-Lussac’s law are likewise similar to those of Charles’s law:
::Gay-Lussac法律的数学表达方式与Charles法律的数学表达方式相似:

$\begin{aligned} \frac{P}{T} = k and \frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2}}{T_{2}} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{align*}\frac{P}{T}=k \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{P_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2}{T_2}\end{align*}$
::PT=kandP1T1=P2T2

A graph of pressure vs. temperature also illustrates a direct relationship. As a gas is cooled at constant volume its pressure continually decreases until the gas condenses to a .
::压力相对于温度的图表也显示了一种直接的关系。当气体以恒定的体积被冷却时,其压力会持续下降,直到气体凝结为 a 。

Sample Problem: Gay-Lussac’s Law
::样本问题:同性恋者法

The gas in an aerosol can is under a pressure of 3.00 atm at a temperature of 25°C. It is dangerous to dispose of an aerosol can by incineration. What would the pressure in the aerosol can be at a temperature of 845°C?
::气溶胶罐中的气体在25摄氏度的温度下处于3摄氏度的压力下。通过焚烧处置气溶胶罐是危险的。气溶胶罐中的压力在845摄氏度的温度下会有多大?

Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.
::第1步:列出已知数量并规划问题。

Known
::已知已知

$\begin{align*}P_1=3.00 \ \text{atm}\end{align*}$
::P1=3.00 小时

$\begin{align*}T_1=25^\circ \text{C}=298 \text{ K}\end{align*}$
::T1=25°C=298K

$\begin{align*}T_2=845^\circ \text{C}=1118 \text{ K}\end{align*}$
::T2=845C=1118K

Unknown
::未知

$\begin{align*}P_2=? \ \text{atm}\end{align*}$
::P2==? 小时

Use Gay-Lussac’s law to solve for the unknown pressure $\begin{align*}(P_2)\end{align*}$ . The temperatures have first been converted to Kelvin.
::使用 Gay-Lussac 的法律解决未知压力(P2),

Step 2: Solve.
::步骤2:解决。

First, rearrange the equation algebraically to solve for $\begin{align*}V_2\end{align*}$ .
::首先,重新排列方程式代数以解析 V2 。

$\begin{aligned} P_{2} = \frac{P_{1} \times T_{2}}{T_{1}} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{align*}P_2=\frac{P_1 \times T_2}{T_1}\end{align*}$
::P2=P1xT2T1

Now substitute the known quantities into the equation and solve.
::现在将已知数量替换为方程式和解析。

$\begin{aligned} P_{2} = \frac{3.00 atm \times 1118 K}{298 K} = 11.3 atm \end{aligned}$
$\begin{align*}P_2=\frac{3.00 \text{ atm} \times 1118 \text{ K}}{298 \text{ K}}=11.3 \text{ atm}\end{align*}$
::P2=3.00 小时×1118 K298 K= 11.3 小时

Step 3: Think about your result.
::步骤3:想想你的结果。

The pressure increases dramatically due to large increase in temperature.
::由于温度的大幅上升,压力急剧上升。

Summary
::摘要

Pressure and temperature at constant volume are directly proportional.
::压力和恒定体积的温度是直接成比例的。

Review
::回顾

Explain Gay-Lussac’s Law in terms of the kinetic-molecular theory.
::解释Gay-Lussac在动能分子理论方面的法律。

What would a graph of pressure vs. temperature show us?
::压力和温度的图表能告诉我们什么?

What is the difference in containers in Charles’s Law and Gay-Lussac’s Law?
::Charles的法律和Gay-Lussac的法律在集装箱上有什么区别?

Section outline

General

Gay-Lussac的《同性恋法》

How much propane is in the tank? ::油箱里有多少丙烷?

Gay-Lussac’s Law ::Gay-Lussac的《同性恋法》

Sample Problem: Gay-Lussac’s Law ::样本问题:同性恋者法

Summary ::摘要

Review ::回顾

How much propane is in the tank?
::油箱里有多少丙烷?

Gay-Lussac’s Law
::Gay-Lussac的《同性恋法》

Sample Problem: Gay-Lussac’s Law
::样本问题:同性恋者法

Summary
::摘要

Review
::回顾