5.2韦格纳与大陆漂移假说
Section outline
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What is continental drift?
::什么是大陆漂移?Wegener put together a tremendous amount of evidence that the continents had been joined. He advanced a great idea. But other scientists didn't accept it.
::韦格纳收集了大量证据 证明大陆被合并了。他提出了一个伟大的想法。但其他科学家却不接受。Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis
::韦格纳大陆漂流假设Wegener put his idea and his evidence together in his book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans . The book was first published in 1915. He included evidence that the continents had been joined. New editions of the book containing additional evidence were published later.
::Wegener把他的想法和证据放在他的书《大陆和海洋的起源》中,该书于1915年首次出版,包括了各大洲合并的证据,载有更多证据的新书后来出版。In his book he said that around 300 million years ago, the continents had all been joined. They created a single landmass he called Pangaea, meaning “all earth” in ancient Greek. The supercontinent later broke apart. Since then the continents have been moving into their current positions. He called his hypothesis .
::他在他的书中说,大约3亿年前,各大洲都合并了起来。他们创造了一个他称之为潘加亚的单一大陆,在古希腊语中意指“所有地球 ” 。 超级大陆后来分裂了。 从那时起,各大洲就进入了目前的位置。 他称之为他的假设。The Problem With The Hypothesis
::与虚伪论有关的问题Wegener had a lot of evidence to support his hypothesis. But he had a problem. The problem was that he could not explain how the continents could move through the oceans. He suggested that continental drift occurred like an icebreaker plows through sea ice ( Figure ). He thought the continents could cut through the ocean floor.
::韦格纳有许多证据支持他的假设。但他有一个问题。问题是他无法解释大陆如何穿越海洋。他建议大陆漂移就像冰雪穿透海冰(图 ) 。 他认为大陆可以穿透洋底。An icebreaking ship. Other scientists didn't buy his idea. They thought that the continents would be much more deformed than they are.
::其他科学家不相信他的想法,他们认为 大陆的变形会比他们变形更多。Wegener believed that Africa and South America had once been joined. He had the evidence. But very few scientists accepted his idea. He needed a mechanism that they would accept.
::Wegener相信非洲和南美曾经加入过。他有证据。但很少有科学家接受他的想法。他需要一个他们会接受的机制。Alfred Wegener died in 1930 on an expedition on the Greenland icecap. The continental drift hypothesis was put to rest for a few decades. It was when technology could provide even more evidence for continental drift that scientists looked into the idea again. Technology also helped scientists to develop a mechanism for how continents could drift.
::阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳1930年在一次格陵兰冰盖探险中去世。 大陆漂移假设被搁置了几十年。 正是当技术能够为大陆漂移提供更多证据的时候,科学家们才再次研究这一想法。 技术还帮助科学家开发了一种机制,以了解大陆如何漂移。Summary
::摘要- Alfred Wegener said that the continents had been joined as a single landmass, which he called Pangaea.
::阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳说,各大洲被合并为一块陆地,他称之为潘加亚。
- Wegener thought that Pangaea was together about 300 million years ago.
::韦格纳以为潘加亚 大约3亿年前就在一起了
- Wegener could not develop a mechanism for continents moving through oceanic crust that other scientists would accept.
::Wegener无法开发出一个机制,供各大陆通过海洋地壳,而其他科学家会接受这种机制。
Review
::回顾- Describe the continental drift hypothesis.
::描述大陆漂移假设。
- Why did scientists reject Wegener’s idea? What was needed for them to accept it?
::为什么科学家拒绝韦格纳的想法? 他们需要什么来接受呢?
- What was Wegener's mechanism for drifting continents?
::韦格纳对漂流大陆有什么机制?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- What is uniformitarianism?
::什么是统一主义?
- What did Wegener write about in his book?
::韦格纳在他的书里写了些什么?
- What did Wegener think caused continental drift?
::韦格纳认为是什么导致了大陆漂流?
- Give specific examples of the response to Wegener's continental drift hypothesis.
::具体举例说明对韦格纳大陆漂移假设的反应。
- What did scientists learn after the war?
::战后科学家学到了什么?
- Alfred Wegener said that the continents had been joined as a single landmass, which he called Pangaea.
