15.7 电解和无电解
Section outline
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Why do runners worry about losing electrolytes?
::为什么跑者担心输掉电解液?Millions of people in the world jog for exercise. For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit. However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the . Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening. Early symptoms of electrolyte deficiency can include nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. If not treated, individuals can experience muscle weakness and increased heart rate (which could lead to a heart attack). Many sports drinks can be consumed to restore electrolytes quickly in the body.
::世界上数以百万计的人在运动中慢跑。 大部分情况下,慢跑可以是一种健康的方式保持身体健康。然而,对于慢跑者来说,问题也会有所发展。 过多的汗水会导致电解流失,这可能会危及生命。 电解缺乏的早期症状可以包括恶心、疲劳和眩晕。 如果不治疗,个人可以经历肌肉虚弱和心率上升(这可能导致心脏病发作 ) 。 许多运动饮料可以被消耗以迅速恢复身体电解。Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
::电解和无电解An electrolyte is a that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or melted. In order to conduct a current, a substance must contain mobile that can move from one electrode to the other. All are electrolytes. When ionic compounds dissolve, they break apart into ions which are then able to conduct a current ( conductivity ). Even insoluble ionic compounds such as CaCO 3 are electrolytes because they can conduct a current in the molten (melted) state.
::电解液是指当电流处于水溶液或熔化状态时会进行电流的电流。为了进行电流,物质必须包含能够从一个电极移动到另一个电解液。所有物质都是电解液。当离子化合物溶解时,它们会分裂成离子,然后可以进行电流(导体)。即使像CaCO3这样的无法溶解的离子化合物也是电解液,因为它们可以在熔化(熔化)状态下进行电流。A nonelectrolyte is a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either aqueous solution or in the molten state. Many , such as sugar or ethanol, are nonelectrolytes. When these compounds dissolve in water, they do not produce ions. Figure illustrates the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.
::非电气化物是一种化合物,它既不以水溶液或熔化状态进行电流。许多化合物,如糖或乙醇,都是非电气化物。当这些化合物溶解于水中时,它们不会产生离子。图中显示了电解剂和非电气化物之间的区别。Conductivity apparatus.
::传导装置。Roles of Electrolytes in the Body
::电子解解体在身体中的作用Several electrolytes play important roles in the body. Here are a few significant electrolytes:
::一些电解解层在身体中起着重要作用。 以下是几个重要的电解层:-
calcium – in bone and teeth. Also important for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve function.
::对肌肉收缩、血凝结和神经功能也很重要。 -
sodium – found outside the cell. Mainly involved in water balance as well as nerve signaling.
::钠在细胞外被发现,主要与水平衡和神经信号有关。 -
potassium – major
inside the cell. Important for proper functioning of heart, muscles, kidneys, and nerves.
::对心脏、肌肉、肾脏和神经正常运转非常重要。 -
magnesium – in bone and cells. Involved in muscle, bone, nervous
system
, and takes part in many biochemical reactions.
::镁 — — 在骨骼和细胞中。 参与肌肉、骨骼、神经系统,并参与许多生化反应。
Summary
::摘要-
Electrolytes conduct electric current when in solution or melted.
::溶液或熔化时,电解解器进行电流。 -
Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electric current when in solution or melted.
::非电气化物溶解或熔化时不使用电流。 -
Some electrolytes play important roles in the body.
::有些电解液在身体中起着重要作用。
Review
::回顾-
What is an electrolyte?
::什么是电解液? -
What is a non-electrolyte?
::什么是非电子解析剂? -
Give two examples of electrolytes.
::举两个电解解液的例子。 -
Give two examples of nonelectrolytes.
::举两个非电子化的示例。
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。-
How did the instructor test for the presence of electrolytes?
::教官如何测试电解液的存在? -
Is distilled water an electrolyte?
::蒸馏水是电解液吗? -
Is a solution of salt an electrolyte
::盐溶液是一种电解液 -
Is sugar an electrolyte?
::糖是电解液吗? -
Is vinegar an electrolyte?
::醋是电解液吗?
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calcium – in bone and teeth. Also important for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve function.