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  • General

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  • 地球的构造板块

    Two individuals dressed in heavy fur clothing standing in a snowy, icy environment.
     

    What do you get when you combine continental drift and seafloor spreading?
    ::当你将大陆漂移和海底扩散结合起来时,你能得到什么?

    Plate  tectonics! In the next two concepts, we will analyze those words. What is a plate? What is tectonics? Then we put it together.  Alfred Wegener , who died on the Greenland ice sheet at the age of 50, didn't live to see his work develop into plate tectonic  .
    ::板块构造! 在接下来的两个概念中, 我们将分析这些词。 什么是板块? 什么是板块? 什么是板块? 什么是板块? 然后我们把它放在一起。 五十岁死于格陵兰冰盖上的Alfred Wegener没有活着看到他的作品发展成板块构造。

    What is a Plate?
    ::什么是板块?

    What portion of Earth makes up the “plates” in  plate tectonics ? The answer came about in part due to war. In this case, the Cold War. The scientists set up  seismometer  networks during the 1950s and early 1960s. The purpose was to see if other nations were testing atomic bombs. Since  seismometers  measure ground shaking, they also recorded  .
    ::地球的哪个部分构成板块构造中的“板块”?答案部分来自战争。在这种情况下,冷战。科学家们在1950年代和1960年代初建立了地震仪网络。目的是要看看其他国家是否在试验原子弹。地震仪测量地面震动后,他们也记录下来。

    Using Earthquakes
    ::利用地震

    The seismographs located earthquake epicenters. The  epicenter  is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the place where an earthquake occurs.
    ::地震仪位于地震中心。 地震中心是地球表面直接位于地震发生地之上的点。 地震中心位于地震中心,地震中心位于地震发生地的上空。 地震中心位于地震发生地的上空。 地震中心位于地震发生地。 地震中心位于地震发生地的上空。 地震中心位于地震发生地。 地震中心位于地震发生地。

    When earthquake epicenters are put on a  , they outline the  plates . This is because most earthquakes occur where the plates come into contact with each other. Earthquakes are found primarily in lines around the edges of some continents. They are also found through the centers of some oceans. Some occur in patches in some land areas.
    ::当地震震中被放在一个震中心上时, 它们会绘制板块。 这是因为大多数地震发生在板块互相接触的地方。 地震主要出现在一些大陆边缘的线条上。 地震也通过一些海洋中心找到。 有些地震发生在一些陆地的地块上。

    Lithospheric Plates
    ::利电层平板

    Notice the locations where the most earthquake epicenters are found on the map pictured below ( Figure   ). You will see that the  lithosphere  is divided into plates. There are a dozen major and several minor plates. Each plate is named for the  continent  or  ocean basin  it contains. Some plates are made of all oceanic lithosphere. A few are all continental lithosphere. But most plates are made of a combination of both.
    ::注意以下地图( 图 ) 中发现地震震中心最多的地点 。 您可以看到, 岩层被分割成板块 。 有十几个大块和几个小块板块 。 每个板块都是按大陆或海洋盆地命名的 。 一些板块是由所有海洋岩层制成的, 有几个是全部大陆岩层 。 但大多数板块都是由两者组合而成的 。

    Map showing earthquake epicenters and outlines of Earth's lithospheric plates from 1963 to 1998.
     
    A map of earthquake epicenters. The outlines of the lithospheric plates can be seen.

    Plates of lithosphere sink into the  asthenosphere . The asthenosphere, which is part of the upper mantle, is solid but can flow. If a weight is added to a plate, like a  , the plate will sink into the mantle. If the weight is taken away, like when the glacier melts, the plate will rise. This happens slowly over long periods of time.
    ::平流层的平流层沉入时层。 占地层的顶层是固体的, 但可以流动。 如果将重量添加到板块上, 板块就会沉入地壳。 如果重量被移走, 就像冰川融化时一样, 板块就会上升。 这在很长一段时间内会慢慢发生 。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A plate is a large chunk of lithosphere. There are a dozen major plates and several minor plates.
      ::一个板块是一大块地平圈,有十几个大板块和几个小板块。
    • A plate can carry continental crust, oceanic crust, or some of each.
      ::一个板块可携带大陆地壳、大洋地壳或其中的一些。
    • The edges of plates can be identified by the locations of earthquake epicenters.
      ::板块边缘可按地震震中地点确定。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How did scientists draw boundaries around the plates?
      ::科学家如何在板块上划出界限?
    1. What is a plate?
      ::什么是盘子?
    1. What is a plate made of?
      ::盘子是用什么做的?