Section outline

  • General

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  • 板块构造理论

     

    Map showing the supercontinent Rodinia with labeled regions like Laurentia and South Africa.
     

    What would Wegener think?
    ::韦格纳会怎么想?

    Like any great  ,  plate tectonics  makes a tremendous amount of sense. The whole story fits together so perfectly. Wegener had so much evidence that the continents had once been joined.  Seafloor spreading  is a perfect  mechanism  for moving those continents. It's really too bad that  Alfred Wegener  is not here to learn about the theory of plate tectonics. It seems certain that he would be ecstatic!
    ::像任何伟大的板块构造学一样, 板块构造学具有巨大的意义。 整个故事都非常完美。 Wegener拥有大量的证据, 以至于这些大陆曾经被连接在一起。 海底扩张是移动这些大陆的完美机制。 很遗憾Alfred Wegener没有在这里学习板块构造学理论。 看来他肯定会很欣喜!

    Plate Tectonics Theory
    ::热点构造构造理论

    The theory of plate tectonics is what brings together   and seafloor spreading.  Plates  are made of  lithosphere  topped with oceanic and/or  continental crust . The plates are moved around on Earth's surface by seafloor spreading.  Convection  in the mantle drives seafloor spreading.  Oceanic crust  is created at mid-ocean ridges. The  crust  moves outward from the ridge over time. The crust may eventually sink into the mantle and be destroyed. If a  continent  sits on a plate with a  mid-ocean ridge , the continent will be pushed along. 
    ::板块构造学理论是将海床聚集在一起并扩散到海底的。 板块是由岩石层与海洋和(或)大陆结壳混合成的。 板块通过海底扩散在地球表面移动。 地壳的对流驱动海底扩散。 海洋结壳是在洋中脊形成的。 地壳随着时间的推移从脊向外移动。 地壳可能最终沉入地壳并被摧毁。 如果大陆位于具有洋中脊的板块上, 大陆将会被推动。

    Plate Boundaries
    ::热板边界

    Two plates meet at a  plate boundary . There are three types of plate boundaries since there are three ways that plates can meet. Plates can move away from each other at a  divergent plate boundary . They can move toward each other at a  convergent plate boundary . Finally, they can slide past each other at a  transform plate boundary .
    ::两块板块在板块边界相交,有三种板块边界,因为牌块有三种可以相交的方式。 板块可以在不同的板块边界上相互移动,可以在交汇板块边界上相互移动。 最后,他们可以在变形板块边界上相互滑过。

    Most geological activity takes place at plate boundaries. This activity includes  ,  , and  mountain  building. The activity occurs as plates interact. Giant slabs of lithosphere moving around can create a lot of activity! The features seen at a plate boundary are determined by the direction of plate motion and by the type of crust found at the boundary.
    ::大多数地质活动是在板块边界进行的,这种活动包括、和山岳建筑。活动是用板块相互作用的。巨型岩层板块环绕移动可以创造许多活动!在板块边界所看到的特征由板块运动的方向和边界发现的地壳类型决定。

    What The Theory Explains
    ::何理论解释

    The theory of plate tectonics explains most of the features of Earth’s surface. It explains why earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are where they are. It explains where to find some   resources. Plate tectonics is the key that unlocks many of the mysteries of our amazing  planet . Plate tectonics theory explains why:
    ::板块构造学理论解释了地球表面的大部分特征。它解释了地震、火山和山脉为何存在。它解释了在哪里能找到一些资源。板块构造学是解开我们神奇星球许多神秘的钥匙。板块构造学理论解释了为什么:

    • Earth's geography has changed over time and continues to change today.
      ::地球的地理格局随着时间的推移发生了变化,今天仍在继续变化。
    • some places are prone to earthquakes while others are not.
      ::有些地方容易发生地震,而另一些地方则不然。
    • certain regions may have deadly, mild, or no volcanic eruptions.
      ::某些区域可能发生致命、温和或没有火山爆发。
    • mountain ranges are located where they are.
      ::山脉位于其所在位置。
    • many   are located where they are.
      ::许多人位于他们所在的地方。
    • living and  fossil   species  of plants and animals are found where they are.
      ::植物和动物的活种和化石物种被发现。
    • some   have a lot of geological activity, and some have none.
      ::有些人有很多地质活动,有些则没有。

    Plate tectonic motions affect Earth’s  rock cycle ,  climate , and the evolution of life.
    ::热电板构造运动影响着地球的岩石循环、气候和生命的演变。

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The theory of plate tectonics brings together continental drift and seafloor spreading.
      ::板块构造学理论将大陆漂移和海底扩散结合在一起。
    • At a plate boundary, two plates can be moving apart, together or past each other.
      ::在板块边界上,两个板块可以分开移动,一起移动,或相互交叉移动。
    • Plate tectonics theory explains many things in geology, such as where volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain ranges, ore deposits, and other features are located.
      ::热电板构造理论解释了地质学中的许多东西,例如火山、地震、山脉、矿石矿床和其他地物的位置。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is a plate boundary?
      ::什么是板块边界?
    1. What three interactions can plates have? These are the three major types of plate boundaries.
      ::板块的三种相互作用可以产生什么?这些是板块的三种主要界限。
    1. In general, what does the theory of plate tectonics explain?
      ::一般而言,板块构造学理论能解释什么?