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  • 课目23.3 电路电路

    Key Concept

    An electric circuit is a closed loop through which electric current can flow. It must include a source of voltage and conductors such as wires, which may be arranged in series or parallel. Electric power is the rate at which an electric device changes electric current to another form of energy. Electric safety features include three-prong plugs, circuit breakers, and GFCI outlets.
    ::电路是一个闭路环,电流可以流动,它必须包括电压源和导电器,例如电线,可以序列或平行安排。电力是指电动装置将电流转换为另一种能源的速率。电安全功能包括三根插头、断路器和GFCI插口。

    Standards

    • SCI.CA.8.IE.9.f
      ::SCI.CA.8.IE.9.f
    • MCR.6-8.SCI.9.5, 10
      ::MCR.6-8.SCI.9.5,10
    • NSES.5-8.B.3.4
      ::NS.5-8.B.3.4
    • AAAS.6-8.4.E.2; AAAS.6-8.4.E.4; AAAS.6-8.4.G.4; AAAS.6-8.8.C.4; AAAS.6-8.11.C.3; AAAS.6-8.12.D.4, 11
      ::AAAS.6-8.8.4.E.2;AAAS.6-8.4.E.4;AAAS.6-8.4.G.4;AAAS.6-8.8.C.4;AAAS.6-8.8.8.C.4;AAAS.6-8.11.C.3;AAAS.6-8.12.D.4;11

    Lesson Objectives

    • Identify the parts of an electric circuit.
      ::标明电路的部件。
    • Define electric power, and state how to calculate electrical energy use.
      ::定义电力,说明如何计算电能的使用。
    • Identify electric safety features and how to use electricity safely.
      ::查明电力安全特征和如何安全使用电力。

    Lesson Vocabulary

    • electric circuit: closed loop through which current can flow
      ::电路电路:闭环,水流流畅通
    • electric power: rate at which a device changes electric current to another form of energy
      ::电能:一个装置将电流改变为另一种能源的电速率
    • parallel circuit: electric circuit that has two loops through which current can flow
      ::平行电路:电路,电路有两个循环,水流通过两个循环。
    • series circuit: electric circuit that has only one loop through which current can flow
      ::电路系列电路:电路,电路只有一条环,水流流通过一条环

    Teaching Strategies

    Introducing the Lesson
    ::介绍教训

    Create a very simple electric circuit modeled on the circuit pictured on the first page of the lesson. It should include a battery, two wires, and a small light. Leave one of the wires disconnected from the positive terminal of the battery but connected to the light, as in the picture. Call on students to explain what is wrong with the circuit. Some students are likely to recognize the problem. Connect the wire to show them that the light comes on when the circuit is complete. Tell the class they will learn about circuits, beginning with simple circuits like this one, when they read this lesson.
    ::在课程的第一页的电路图上创建非常简单的电路。 它应该包括一个电池、 两条电线和一个小灯光。 留下一条电线与电池正端断开, 但与光线连接, 如照片中那样。 请学生解释电路有问题。 有些学生可能认识到问题所在 。 连接电路以显示电路完成时的光线会亮起 。 告诉班级他们将会学习电路, 从这个简单的电路开始, 当他们读到这个课时 。

    Activity
    ::活动活动活动活动

    A fun way for students to learn about circuits is with the “Squishy Circuits Project” at the following URL. Students can make circuits using two homemade Play Doh-like materials, one of which is a conductor and one of which is an insulator. Other parts of the circuit include an LED light and a battery pack. More advanced projects are also provided by the Web site, including building parallel circuits, motor circuits, and buzzer circuits. All needed materials are inexpensive and readily available, or a kit can be purchased from the Web site for about $20. Videos and a teacher’s guide can also be accessed at the URL.
    ::学生了解电路的有趣方式是在以下的URL上使用“Squishy 电路项目”,学生们可以使用两种自制的游戏道类材料制造电路,其中一种是导体,一种是绝缘器,其他部分是LED灯光和电池包,网站也提供更先进的项目,包括建造平行电路、电路和嗡嗡声电路。所有所需材料都是廉价的,很容易获得,或者可以从网站购买约20美元的成套材料。视频和教师指南也可以在URL上查阅。

    Building Science Skills
    ::建设科学技能

    With the high-quality interactive simulation at the URL below, students can build virtual models of a DC circuit, using “click and drag” to attach wires, batteries, switches and resistors. The simulation allows them to experiment with a wide variety of circuit configurations and to vary voltage and resistance.
    ::在下面的 URL 进行高质量的互动模拟后,学生可以建立DC 电路的虚拟模型,使用“点击和拖动”连接电线、电池、开关和阻力器,通过模拟,他们可以试验各种电路配置,并改变电压和阻力。

    Activity
    ::活动活动活动活动

    Students can get hands-on experience with circuits by building and testing a simple circuit, using the activity “Build a Simple Circuit” at the following URL. Be sure to have students answer the questions at the end of the activity.
    ::学生们可以通过建造和测试一个简单的电路,在下面的 URL 上使用“ 建造一个简单电路 ” 的活动来获得电路的亲身体验。 请务必让学生在活动结束时回答问题。

    Differentiated Instruction
    ::差别教学

    The fine tutorial at the URL below is recommended for students who are visual learners or need extra help understanding electric current and circuits. The tutorial uses water flowing through a closed system as a more accessible model for electricity flowing through a circuit. It includes interactive animations and an engaging question-and-answer format.
    ::为视觉学习者或需要额外帮助了解电流和电路的学生推荐了以下URL的精细辅导。辅导使用封闭系统流水,作为通过电路通电的更便捷模式,包括互动动画和有吸引力的问答格式。

    Enrichment
    ::浓缩浓缩

    Ask one or more students to interview an expert on electric circuits. The expert might be an electrician, electrical contractor, or electrical engineer. Students should use the interview opportunity to find out about the career as well as learn more about electric circuits. Advise students to prepare for the interview by drawing up a set of questions they would like to have answered. Invite the students to share what they learn with the class in an informal oral presentation.
    ::询问一名或多名学生询问电路专家。专家可能是一名电工、电气承包商或电气工程师。 学生应该利用面试机会了解事业,了解更多电路。 建议学生准备面试,起草他们想回答的一系列问题。 邀请学生在非正式口头介绍中与班级分享他们学到的知识。

    Science Inquiry
    ::科学调查

    Have groups of students do the activity “Build a Series Circuit” at the first URL below. They will make a simple series circuit and answer some critical thinking questions about series circuits. Then they will be challenged to think of a way to convert their series circuit to a parallel circuit. They can find out how by completing the activity “Build a Parallel Circuit” at the second URL.
    ::让学生团体在下面的第一个 URL 上做“ 构建一个系列电路 ” 的活动。 他们将做一个简单的系列电路, 并回答一些关于序列电路的批判性思考问题。 然后他们将受到挑战,想出一种方法将序列电路转换为平行电路。 他们可以通过完成第二个 URL 上的“ 构建一个平行电路 ” 的活动来发现如何完成 。

    • (series circuit)
      :sad系列电路)
    • (parallel circuit)
      :sad平行电路)

    Common Misconceptions
    ::常见误解

    The PDF document below identifies several common student misconceptions about electric circuits and electricity in general. For example, many students think that devices such as lights in a circuit actually use up current. Many also confuse the concepts of voltage and current in a circuit. For instructional ideas to overcome these and other misconceptions, see pages 6–8 of the document.
    ::下面的PDF文件确定了学生对电路和一般电力的几种常见误解。 比如,许多学生认为电路灯等装置实际上会耗尽电流。 许多人还混淆电压和电流的概念。 关于克服这些和其他误解的教学理念,请参见该文件第6-8页。

    Reinforce and Review

    Lesson Worksheets
    ::教课工作表

    Copy and distribute the lesson worksheets in the CK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Workbook . Ask students to complete the worksheets alone or in pairs to reinforce lesson content.
    ::复制并分发中学工作手册CK-12物理科学的教学工作表。 要求学生单独或对地填写工作表,以加强教学内容。

    Lesson Review Questions
    ::经验回顾问题

    Have students answer the Review Questions listed at the end of the lesson in the FlexBook® student edition.
    ::学生们要回答FlexBook 学生版课程结尾列出的检讨问题。

    Lesson Quiz
    ::Quiz 课程

    Check students’ mastery of the lesson with Lesson 23.3 Quiz in CK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests .
    ::校对:Portnoy

    Points to Consider

    In this lesson, you read that electric devices convert electrical energy to other forms of energy. For example, a microwave oven converts electrical energy to electromagnetic energy in the form of microwaves. A blender converts electrical energy to sound energy and the kinetic energy of the whirring blades.
    ::在这一课中,你读到,电动装置将电能转换成其他形式的能源。例如,微波炉将电能转换成微波形式的电磁能。搅拌器将电能转换成声音能量和电动能量,而电动电动能量则由电动电动刀片转换成电动能量。

    • Do you think all electric devices convert electrical energy to other forms of energy?
      ::你认为所有电动装置 都把电能转换成其他能源吗?
    • Computers are familiar electric devices. Do you know how they use electric current?
      ::电脑是熟悉的电动装置 你知道他们怎么用电流吗?