19.6 查特利尔原则

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  查特利尔原则

  

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  How far down?
  ::有多远?

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  There are people who enjoy going up in an airplane, strapping on a parachute, and diving out the door to free-fall and then open the chute and drop to the ground. This stressful activity (so they say) relieves the stress of everyday life. The release of adrenaline caused by this stressful behavior is said to promote a mood enhancement that helps you deal better with other stresses in your daily life.
  ::有些人喜欢坐飞机上,绑在降落伞上,跳出自由降落的大门,然后打开降落伞,跌倒在地。这种紧张的活动(他们说)减轻了日常生活的压力。据说,这种紧张行为导致的肾上腺素释放有助于增强情绪,帮助你更好地应对日常生活中的其他压力。

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  Le Châtelier’s Principle
  ::查特利尔原则

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  was studied by French chemist Henri Le Châtelier (1850-1936) and his description of how a system responds to a stress to equilibrium has become known as Le Châtelier’s principle : When a chemical system that is at equilibrium is disturbed by a stress, the system will respond in order to relieve the stress. Stresses to a chemical system involve changes in the of reactants or products, changes in the temperature of the system, or changes in the pressure of the system. We will discuss each of these stresses separately. The change to the equilibrium position in every case is either a favoring of the forward reaction or a favoring of the reverse reaction. When the forward reaction is favored, the concentrations of products increases, while the concentrations of reactants decreases. When the reverse reaction is favored, the concentrations of products decreases, while the concentrations of reactants increases.
  ::法国化学家亨利·勒查特利埃(1850-1936年)研究了该化学系统如何应对平衡压力(1850-1936年),他的描述也被称为“勒查特利埃原则 ” : 当平衡的化学系统受到压力的干扰时,该化学系统将作出反应以缓解压力。 向化学系统强调化学系统涉及反应器或产品的变化、系统温度的变化或系统压力的变化。 我们将分别讨论其中的每个压力。 在每个情况中,对平衡位置的改变要么有利于前向反应,要么有利于反向反应。 如果偏向前向反应,产品浓度会增加,而反应器的浓度会减少。 如果反向反应有利于反向反应,则产品浓度会下降,反应器的浓度会增加。

  Original Equilibrium	Favored Reaction	Result
  $\begin{array}{r}A\rightleftarrows B\end{array}$	forward: $\begin{array}{r}A\to B\end{array}$	[A] decreases; [B] increases
  $\begin{array}{r}A\rightleftarrows B\end{array}$	reverse: $\begin{array}{r}A\leftarrow B\end{array}$	播放段落 [A] increases; [B] decreases ::[A]增加;[B]减少

  

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  Henri Le Châtelier
  ::亨利·勒查特利尔

   

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   Ever wonder why soda doesn't go flat in the store, but once it's opened, the goes "flat" or loses all it's bubbles? Ever wonder how you can stop it from going flat? See  if you can figure it out in this simulation: 
  ::不知为什么苏打水不会在商店里爆破, 但是一旦开着, 它就会“膨胀”或失去它的全部气泡? 你有没有想过你如何能阻止它爆裂?

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  Summary
  ::摘要

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  • Le Châtelier’s principle describes how a reaction system at equilibrium is influenced by stress. 
    ::Le Châterier原则描述了平衡反应系统如何受到压力的影响。

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  Review
  ::回顾

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  1. What does Le Châtelier’s principle state?
     ::勒查特利尔的原则是什么?
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  2. If the forward reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?
     ::如果逆向反应在平衡中得到偏好,会增加什么?
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  3. If the reverse reaction is favored in the equilibrium, what will increase?
     ::如果平衡有利于反向反应,会增加什么?