6.9收敛板块边界的地震
Section outline
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What damage is done to people's lives by ?
::对人们的生活造成什么损害?In a large earthquake hundreds or thousands of people may die. Many more may lose their homes and livelihoods. After a large quake, the world's attention turns to help the victims. But soon there is another disaster in the news, and the world's attention turns. People may be left homeless due to an earthquake for many years.
::在一场大地震中,成千上万的人可能死亡,更多的人可能失去家园和生计。在一场大地震之后,世界的注意力转向帮助受害者。但很快,新闻中又出现了一场灾难,世界的注意力也随之转移。 地震可能使许多人无家可归多年。Convergent Plate Boundaries
::一致的盘点边界Earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries mark the of the subducting lithosphere . The motion of the lithosphere as it plunges through the mantle causes the quakes ( Figure ). At greater depths, the plate heats up enough to deform plastically.
::汇合板块边界的地震标志着下引岩层。 岩层在地壳滑入时的移动导致地震( 图 ) 。 在更深的深度, 板块的热度足以使塑料变形 。A cross section of earthquake foci. The depth outlines the subducting plate. There are shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes. Convergent plate boundaries produce earthquakes most of the way around the Pacific Ocean basin .
::在太平洋海盆周围大部分的路上,相趋一致的板块边界造成地震。Ocean-Ocean: Japan
::海洋:日本Earthquakes in Japan are caused by ocean-ocean convergence. In this part of the Pacific Ocean, oceanic crust subducts beneath oceanic crust. This creates as many as 1,500 earthquakes every year .
::日本的地震是由海洋与海洋的汇合引起的,在太平洋的这一部分,海洋地壳下的海洋结壳下水道,每年造成多达1 500次地震。In March 2011, the 9.0 magnitude Tōhoku earthquake struck off of northeastern Japan. Damage from the quake was severe. Even more severe was the damage from the generated by the quake ( Figure and Figure ). A tsunami is an enormous ocean wave or set of waves generated by an underwater earthquake. In all, 25,000 people were known dead or missing.
::2011年3月,日本东北地区发生了9.0级的Thoku地震,地震的破坏十分严重,地震造成的损害更为严重(图和图)。海啸是水下地震造成的巨大海洋波或一系列波,共有25 000人已知死亡或失踪。The damage in Miyako, Iwate, Japan after a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the massive tsunami it generated struck in March, 2011. Here is an interactive feature article about the earthquake: .
::以下是关于地震的互动特写文章:Destruction in Ofunato, Japan, from the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake. Ocean-Continent: Cascades
::大洋-大陆:级联The Pacific Northwest of the United States is at risk from a potentially massive earthquake. The subduction of three small plates beneath North America produces active volcanoes , the Cascades. The region also experiences earthquakes. However, large earthquakes only hit every 300 to 600 years. The last was in 1700. That quake had an estimated magnitude of around 9. A quake of that magnitude today could produce an incredible amount of destruction and untold fatalities.
::美国西北太平洋面临潜在大规模地震的风险,北美下潜三个小板块会产生活火山,即火山群。该地区也经历地震。然而,每300至600年,大地震才发生一次。最近一次地震发生在1700年。这次地震估计规模约为9次,今天如此规模的地震可能造成惊人的破坏和无以言表的死亡。Continent-Continent: Asia
::非洲大陆:亚洲The collision of two continents also creates massive earthquakes. Many earthquakes happen in the region in and around the Himalayan Mountains . The 2001 Gujarat, India, earthquake is responsible for about 20,000 deaths, with many more people injured or made homeless ( Figure ).
::喜马拉雅山及其周围地区也发生许多地震。 2001年印度古吉拉特地震造成约20,000人死亡,更多人受伤或无家可归(图 ) 。Damage from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Summary
::摘要- Earthquakes occur all along the subducting plate as it plunges into the mantle.
::沿下层板块发生地震 当它跳入地壳时
- All three types of convergent plate boundaries produce massive earthquakes.
::所有三种交汇板块边界都会产生大规模地震。
- Subduction zones around the Pacific Rim are responsible for many of the world's earthquakes.
::环太平洋沿岸的潜伏区 造成了世界上许多地震
Review
::回顾- Why does a subducting plate produce so many earthquakes?
::为什么潜水板会发生这么多地震?
- What depths of earthquakes does a subducting plate produce?
::岩浆板能产生什么深度的地震?
- What caused the most destruction from the 2011 Japan earthquake?
::2011年日本地震造成最大破坏的原因何在?
- In the chart above of depth vs distance of the earthquakes, what is being outlined by the dots?
::在地震深度与距离的上图中,
- Earthquakes occur all along the subducting plate as it plunges into the mantle.
