11.6 豁免
Section outline
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Is giving shots to young children a good thing?
::给幼童打针是好事吗?Many, if not most, children hated going to the doctor, as it often meant getting a shot. Why? The shot actually contained a weakened or dead . And putting some of that dead pathogen into you was a good thing.
::许多,如果不是大多数,儿童都讨厌去看医生,因为这常常意味着要打一针。为什么?射击实际上包含一个虚弱或死亡。把一些死亡的病原体注入你身上是件好事。Immunity
::豁免豁免豁免Memory B and T cells help protect you from re-infection by pathogens that have infected you in the past. Being able to resist a pathogen in this way is called immunity. Immunity can be active or passive.
::内存B和T细胞帮助保护你免受过去感染你的病原体的再次感染。 能够以这种方式抵抗病原体被称为豁免。 豁免可以是主动的,也可以是被动的。Active Immunity
::现行豁免Active immunity is immunity that results from a pathogen stimulating an immune response and leaving you with memory for that specific pathogen. This happens when a pathogen infects your body and makes you sick. As long as the memory cells survive, the pathogen will be unlikely to re-infect you and make you sick again. In the case of some pathogens, memory cells and active immunity last for the life of the individual.
::活性免疫是因病原体刺激免疫反应而产生豁免,使你对特定病原体记忆犹新。当病原体感染你的身体并导致你生病时,这种豁免就会发生。只要记忆细胞存活下来,病原体就不大可能再感染你,并再次使你生病。如果是某些病原体,记忆细胞和主动免疫持续到个人生命中。Active immunity can also occur through immunization . Immunization is deliberate exposure of a person to a pathogen in order to provoke an immune response. This process is sometimes referred to as a vaccination . The purpose of immunization is to prevent actual infections by the pathogen. The pathogen is typically injected. However, only part of a pathogen, a weakened form of the pathogen, or a dead pathogen is used. This provokes an immune response without making you sick. Diseases you have likely been immunized against include measles, mumps, rubella, whooping cough, and chicken pox.
::免疫是指故意使一个人接触病原体以引起免疫反应。这个过程有时被称为接种。免疫的目的是预防病原体的实际感染。病原体一般是注射的。但是,只使用病原体的一部分,病原体的衰弱形式,或死亡病原体。这引起免疫反应,而不会使你生病。你可能接种的疾病包括麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、百日咳和水稻。Passive Immunity
::被动豁免Passive immunity is humoral immunity that results when antibodies to a specific pathogen are transferred to an individual who has never been exposed to the pathogen before. Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids, generally between a few days and several months.
::被动豁免是幽默性豁免,在将抗体转移到某种特定病原体后,将这种豁免转移到从未接触过病原体的个人身上。 被动豁免只有在抗体在体液中存活,通常在几天到几个月之间才能持续。Passive immunity is acquired by a fetus when it receives antibodies from the mother’s . It is also acquired by an infant when it receives antibodies from the mother’s milk. Older children and adults can acquire passive immunity through injection of antibodies into the blood. An injection of antibodies is sometimes used as treatment for a disease, such as measles, when people have not been immunized against the disease.
::婴儿从母亲的奶中获得抗体,婴儿也获得抗体。 年龄较大的儿童和成人可以通过将抗体注入血液而获得被动免疫。 注射抗体有时被用来治疗疾病,如麻疹,因为人们没有接种抗病疫苗。Summary
::摘要-
Memory B and T cells help protect you from re-infection by pathogens that have infected you in the past.
::记忆B和T细胞 帮助保护你 避免再次感染过去感染你的病原体 -
As long as the memory cells survive, the pathogen will be unlikely to re-infect you and make you sick again.
::只要记忆细胞存活下来 病原体就不太可能再感染你 让你再次生病 -
During vaccination, only a part of a pathogen, a weakened form of the pathogen, or a dead pathogen is injected into your body in order to provoke an immune response.
::在接种期间,只有部分病原体、弱化病原体或死亡病原体被注入身体,以引起免疫反应。 -
Fetuses and infants attain passive immunity through their mothers.
::胎儿和婴儿通过母亲获得被动豁免。 -
An injection of antibodies is sometimes used as treatment for a disease such as measles.
::注射抗体有时被用来治疗麻疹等疾病。
Review
::回顾-
Which cells are responsible for immunity?
::哪些单位负责豁免? -
Does passive immunity or active immunity last longer?
::被动豁免或主动豁免持续时间是否更长? -
If you have measles, what is one possible form of treatment that you can get?
::如果你得了麻疹,你能得到什么治疗? -
Does a newborn infant have any immunity against pathogens?
::新生婴儿对病原体有任何免疫力吗?
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Memory B and T cells help protect you from re-infection by pathogens that have infected you in the past.
