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  • 海啸

    Art depicting powerful waves with a mountain in the background, illustrating a tsunami.
     

    What is a tsunami?
    ::什么是海啸?

    A tsunami is a very large wave, but it doesn’t  crest  and break like normal wave. A tsunami is sometimes known as a tidal wave, because it often resembles a rapidly rising  tide  when it comes ashore. "Tsunami" is a Japanese word meaning "harbor wave," because the wave would pass unnoticed by fishing boats at sea, but they would later return to find the harbor devastated. Few words can express the horror these waves can bring.
    ::海啸是一个非常大的波,但它并没有像正常的波浪那样摇摇晃晃晃。 海啸有时被称为潮汐,因为海啸在上岸时往往类似于快速上升的潮汐。 “海啸”是一个日本词,意思是“沙浪 ” , 因为海中渔船会忽视海啸,但随后它们会回来寻找被摧毁的港口。 很少有字可以表达这些海浪可能造成的恐怖。

    Tsunami as Waves
    ::海啸 " 浪潮 "

    Tsunami  are deadly ocean waves from the sharp jolt of an undersea  . Less frequently, these waves can be generated by other shocks to the sea, like a  meteorite  impact. Fortunately, few undersea earthquakes, and even fewer meteorite impacts, generate tsunami.
    ::海啸是海底震荡后致命的海浪。 较不常见的是,这些海浪可能来自对海洋的其他冲击,如陨石撞击。 幸运的是,很少有海底地震,甚至更少的陨石撞击引发了海啸。

    Wave Height
    ::波高高度

    Tsunami waves have small wave heights relative to their long  wavelengths , so they are usually unnoticed at sea. When traveling up a slope onto a shoreline, the wave is pushed upward. As with  wind  waves, the speed of the bottom of the wave is slowed by friction. This causes the wavelength to decrease and the wave to become unstable. These factors can create an enormous and deadly wave.
    ::海啸波比长波长的波高小,因此海中通常无人注意。 向上斜坡向海岸线移动时,海浪会向上推动。 与风浪一样,海浪底部的速度会因摩擦而减慢。 这导致波长下降,海浪变得不稳定。 这些因素可能造成巨大的致命波。

    Landslides , meteorite impacts, or any other jolt to ocean  water  may form a tsunami. Tsunami can travel at speeds of 800 kilometers per hour (500 miles per hour).
    ::海啸可能形成海啸,滑坡、陨石撞击或任何其他对海水的冲击可能形成海啸。 海啸以每小时800公里的速度行驶(每小时500英里 ) 。

    Wavelength
    ::波长

    Since tsunami are long-wavelength waves, a long time can pass between crests or  troughs . Any part of the wave can make landfall first.
    ::由于海啸是长波波,因此在山顶或海沟之间可以经过很长的时间。 任何波段都可以首先登陆。

    In 1755 in Lisbon, Portugal, a tsunami trough hit land first. A large offshore earthquake did a great deal of damage on land. People rushed out to the open space of the shore. Once there, they discovered that the water was flowing seaward fast and some of them went out to observe. What do you think happened next? The people on the open  beach  drowned when the crest of the wave came up the beach.
    ::1755年,葡萄牙里斯本发生海啸,海啸首先袭击了陆地。一次大型近海地震在陆地上造成了巨大的破坏。人们冲到海岸的开阔空间。一到那里,他们就发现水流迅速向海流,其中一些人则出去观察。你认为接下来会发生什么?当海浪的顶峰浮上海滩时,露天海滩上的人淹死了。

    Large tsunami in the Indian Ocean and more recently Japan have killed hundreds of thousands of people in recent years. The west coast of North America is also vulnerable to tsunami since it sits on the Pacific  Ring of Fire . Scientists around the world are trying to learn everything they can about predicting tsunamis before a massive one strikes a little closer to home.
    ::近些年来,印度洋和最近日本的大型海啸已经造成数十万人丧生。 北美西海岸也容易受到海啸的影响,因为它位于太平洋火圈。 世界各地的科学家正在尝试在大规模海啸袭击前学习如何预测海啸。

    Although most places around the Indian Ocean did not have warning systems in 2005, there is a tsunami warning system in that region now. Tsunami warning systems have been placed in most locations where tsunami are possible.
    ::虽然印度洋周围大部分地方在2005年没有预警系统,但该地区现在有一个海啸预警系统,海啸预警系统已安装在大多数可能发生海啸的地方。

     

     

    Further Reading
    ::继续阅读

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Tsunami have relatively low wave heights, so they are not noticeable until they move up a shore.
      ::海啸的海浪高度相对较低,因此,在向岸移动之前,这些海浪并不明显。
    • Tsunami have long wavelengths. The time between two crests or two troughs can be many minutes.
      ::海啸波长长,两顶顶或两道槽之间的时间可以长达几分钟。
    • Tsunami warning systems have been placed in most locations where tsunami are possible.
      ::在大多数可能发生海啸的地方都安装了海啸警报系统。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why is a wave that is so powerful and tall on land unnoticeable at sea?
      ::为什么海浪在陆地上如此强大和高大,在海上是无法察觉的?
    1. What should you do if you are at the beach and the water suddenly is sucked offshore?
      ::如果你在沙滩上 水突然被吸到岸外 怎么办?
    1. Describe tsunami as waves in the way they travel up a shoreline and may strike as crests or troughs.
      ::海啸被描述为波浪,波浪沿海岸线行驶,并可能作为山脊或海沟袭击。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
    ::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

     

     

    1. What does the word tsunami mean in Japanese?
      ::海啸这个词在日语中意味着什么?
    1. Why has Japan had so many tsunamis?
      ::为什么日本发生这么多海啸?
    1. What causes a tsunami?
      ::是什么导致海啸?
    1. How fast do the waves travel?
      ::海浪的移动速度有多快?
    1. What happens to the tsunami as it reaches the continental shelf?
      ::海啸到达大陆架后会怎样?
    1. How do tsunamis differ from regular waves?
      ::海啸与正常海啸有何不同?
    1. What was the deadliest tsunami ever recorded? How many people died?
      ::有史以来最致命的海啸记录了什么?
    1. What does the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center do?
      ::太平洋海啸警报中心是做什么的?

    Resources
    ::资源