26.4 氨酸
章节大纲
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Will supplements really help?
::补充品真的有用吗?Athletics are very competitive these days at all levels, from school sports to the pros. Everybody is looking for that edge that will make them faster, stronger, more physically fit. One approach taken by many athletes is the use of amino supplements. The theory is that the increase in amino acids in the diet will lead to increased for muscles. However, the only real benefit comes to the people who make and sell the pills. Studies have not showed any advantage obtained by the athletes themselves. You’re much better off just maintaining a healthy diet.
::如今,从学校运动到职业运动员,运动员在各级都非常有竞争力。 所有人都在寻找能使他们更快、更强大、更体贴的边缘。 许多运动员采取的一种方法是使用氨基补充营养。 理论是,饮食中氨基酸的增加将导致肌肉增加。 然而,唯一的真正好处是制造和销售这些药片的人。 研究没有显示运动员自己获得的任何优势。 你更能保持健康的饮食。Amino Acids
::氨酸An amino acid is a that contains both an amino group (−NH 2 ) and a carboxyl group (−COOH) in the same molecule. While any number of amino acids can possibly be imagined, biochemists generally reserve the term for a group of 20 amino acids which are formed and used by living organisms. Figure shows the general structure of an amino acid.
::氨基酸既含有氨基酸组(-NH2),也含有同一种分子中的碳信箱(-COOH)组(-COOH),尽管可以想象到任何数量氨基酸,但生物化学家通常为活生物体形成并使用的20种氨基酸组保留这一术语,图显示了氨基酸的总体结构。An amino acid is an organic molecule that contains an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side chain (R), all bonded to a central carbon atom.
::氨基酸是一种有机分子,含有一个氨基组、一个碳白箱组和一个侧链(R),都与一个碳原子中心连接在一起。The amino and carboxyl groups of an amino acid are both covalently bonded to a central carbon . That carbon atom is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and an R group. It is this R group which varies from one amino acid to another and is called the amino acid side chain.
::氨基酸的氨基酸和碳箱基酸组都与中央碳密不可分。碳原子也与氢原子和R组相连。正是这一R组从氨基酸到另一个R组不同,称为氨基酸侧链。The nature of the side chains accounts for the variability in physical and chemical properties of the different amino acids. Some side chains consist of nonpolar aliphatic or . Other side chains are polar, while some are acidic or basic.
::侧链的性质是不同氨基酸物理和化学特性变化的原因之一,有些侧链由非极极脂或.其他侧链是极性的,有些是酸性的或基本性的。Five of the twenty biologically relevant amino acids, each having a distinctive side chain (R). Alanine’s side chain is nonpolar, while threonine’s is polar. Tryptophan is one of several amino acids whose side chain is aromatic. Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain, while lysine has a basic side chain.
::在20种生物相关的氨基酸中,有5种是氨基氨基酸,每种酸都有独特的侧链(R ) 。 阿兰尼的侧链是非极性,而黄油是极性的。 特里普托潘是多个氨基酸之一,其侧链是芳香的。 非巴酸有一个酸侧链,而赖氨基则有一个基本的侧链。Table lists the names of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids along with a three-letter abbreviation which is used to describe sequences of linked amino acids.
::表格列出了20种自然生成的氨基酸的名称,以及用于描述相关氨基酸序列的三字母缩略语。Amino Acids and Abbreviations Amino acid
::氨酸Abbreviation
::缩略语Amino acid
::氨酸Abbreviation
::缩略语Alanine
::阿兰宁Ala
::阿拉Leucine
::路透Leu
::莱乌Arginine
::亚利九Arg
::参数参数Lysine
::赖氨Lys
::莱里Asparagine
::隔断Asn
::Asn 亚麻Methionine
::甲基硫胺Met
::Met 时数Aspartic acid
::亚甲酸Asp
::请求请求请求Phenylalanine
::苯亚拉九Phe
::Cysteine
::赛斯泰因语NameCys
::阴囊Proline
::推进Pro
::职业Glutamine
::甘硫胺Gln
::闪Serine
::沙林Ser
::塞尔军军军军军军军军军军军军军 军军军军军军军军军军军军军Glutamic acid
::甘压酸Glu
::格卢Threonine
::氢氟烯烃Thr
::乘进数Glycine
::甘碱Gly
::盖丽Tryptophan
::Tryptophan 试像Trp
::转转Histidine
::陈丁胺His
::他的... 他的... 他的... 他的... 他的... 他的... 他的... 他的...Tyrosine
::泰罗辛Tyr
::蒂尔Isoleucine
::同位素Ile
::列Valine
::谷谷Val
::瓦伏Another more recent set of abbreviations employs only one letter. Leucine would be designated by L, serine by S, tyrosine by Y. The advantage of this system comes when listing the amino acid sequence of a protein that may contain over 100 amino acids in its chain.
::另外一套最新的缩略语只使用一个字母。 莱西内将被L指定, 塞林被S指定, 强酸被Y指定。 该系统的优势在于将可能含有100多种氨基酸的蛋白质的氨基酸序列列入其链条。Review
::回顾-
What is an amino acid?
::什么是氨基酸? -
What is the three-letter abbreviation for histidine?
::长方胺的三字母缩写是什么? -
Why would the one-letter abbreviation system have an advantage?
::为什么单字母缩写系统有优势?
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What is an amino acid?
