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  • 喷涌喷发

    Strombolian eruption showing lava spewing into the air, creating a bright display.

     

    Isn't this an explosive eruption?
    ::这不是爆炸性喷发吗?

    This is a strombolian  eruption . This type of eruption was named for Mt. Stromboli in Italy. Strombolian eruptions spew  lava  into the air. But these eruptions do not have a massive explosion. They create lava flows.
    ::火山喷发在意大利的斯特伦博利山 火山喷发在空气中喷发熔岩。但是这些喷发并没有发生大规模爆炸。它们制造熔岩流。

    Effusive Eruptions
    ::连续解体

    Mafic   magma  creates gentler  effusive eruptions . There is little or no gas. The lava is thin and fluid so that it flows over the ground like a  river . Mafic magma pushes toward the surface through fissures. Eventually, the magma reaches the surface and erupts through a vent ( Figure   ). Effusive eruptions are common in Hawaii, where lavas are mafic.
    ::Mafic 岩浆创造了温和的振动性喷发。 几乎没有或根本没有气体。 熔岩是薄的, 流体的, 因而像河流一样在地上流动。 Mafic 岩浆通过裂缝向地表倾斜。 最后, 岩浆到达地表并通过喷口喷发( 图 ) 。 火山喷发在夏威夷很常见, 那里的熔岩很肿。

    Mafic lava flows over ground, resembling rivers, during an effusive volcanic eruption.

     

    In effusive eruptions, lava flows readily, producing rivers of molten rock.
    ::在有效喷发中 熔岩随时流动 产生熔岩的河流

    Effusive Eruptions Damage
    ::后果性损失损害

    Effusive eruptions rarely kill anyone because they move slowly. People can usually be evacuated before an  effusive eruption . Still, effusive eruptions can be destructive. There is not much anyone can do to stop a lava flow from destroying a building or road ( Figure   ).
    ::火山喷发很少会因为行动缓慢而导致任何人死亡。 人们通常可以在有效喷发之前撤离。 但是,有效喷发可能具有破坏性。 没有人能够做多少工作来阻止熔岩流破坏建筑物或道路(图 ) 。

    Lava flow from Kilauea volcano overwhelms a road, showcasing effusive eruption damage.

     

    A road is overrun by an eruption at Kilauea volcano in Hawaii.
    ::夏威夷Kilauea火山爆发,

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Mafic magma creates effusive eruptions. The pressure builds but the lava flows fairly quietly.
      ::Mafic 岩浆产生有效喷发。 压力形成, 熔岩流却很安静。
    • Effusive eruptions cause damage but rarely kill anyone.
      ::火山喷发造成破坏,但很少杀人。
    • Mafic magma cools into different types of flows like a'a, pāhoehoe, and pillow lava.
      ::Mafic 岩浆冷却成不同种类的流体,如a'a,pāhoehoe和枕头熔岩。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why do mafic lavas flow rather than explode?
      ::为什么泥浆熔岩流而不是爆炸?
    1. Compare and contrast lavas from explosive and effusive eruptions.
      ::对比和对比爆炸和有效喷发的熔岩
    1. Why do effusive eruptions sometimes cause a lot of damage?
      ::为什么有效喷发有时会造成重大破坏?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    1. Why is Kilauea considered one of the most active volcanoes in the world?
      ::为什么Kilauea被认为是世界上最活跃的火山之一?
    1. What does the height of Kilauea’s lava lakes mean regarding upcoming eruptions?
      ::Kilauea熔岩湖的高度对即将到来的火山爆发意味着什么?
    1. Where does the lava go?
      ::熔岩会去哪里?
    1. What do shield volcano eruptions look like?
      ::火山爆发的屏蔽是什么样子的?
    1. Why is it difficult to predict a volcanic eruption from a volcano like Kilauea?
      ::为什么很难预测像Kilauea这样的火山会爆发火山爆发?
    1. What would scientists need to know to better be able to predict eruptions from Kilauea?
      ::科学家们需要知道什么才能更好地预测基拉维亚的火山爆发?