8.2水的状态
Section outline
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What are the three states of water in this photo?
::这张照片中的三个水位是多少?Water is present as liquid, solid, and gas in this photo. We take water for granted here on Earth because there is a lot of it!
::水是液态的,固态的,气体的。我们把水视为地球上理所当然的,因为有很多水!The Water Molecule
::水分子A molecule of water ( Figure ) is made of three atoms bonded together. Two of these atoms are hydrogen and one atom is oxygen. The hydrogen ions have a positive electrical charge. The oxygen atom has a negative electrical charge. The hydrogen atoms are located on one side and the oxygen atom on the other. This means that the side with the hydrogen ions has a slightly positive charge. The other side, the side without the hydrogen ions, has a slightly negative charge. The water molecule is a polar molecule .
::水的分子( 图表) 由三个原子组成。 其中两个原子是氢, 一个原子是氧。 氢离子有正电荷。 氧原子有负电荷。 氢原子位于一边, 氧原子在另一侧。 这意味着氢离子的侧有略为正电荷。 另一侧, 没有氢离子的侧, 有略负电荷。 水分子是极分子 。A water molecule. The side with the hydrogen atoms has a slightly positive charge. The side with the oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge.
::水分子。氢原子的侧面有略微正电荷。氧原子的侧面有略微负电荷。Water has remarkable properties. Water expands when it freezes, even though all other substances contract. This means that in the winter ice on a pond or lake will float. Water has high surface tension because polar molecules tend to stick together. That's why drops stick together or some bugs can walk on the surface of a pond. Without water, life might not be able to exist on Earth. If it did exist, it would not be as diverse or as complex.
::水具有非凡的特性。 水在冷冻时会膨胀, 即使所有其他物质都存在。 这意味着在冬季, 池塘或湖泊上的冰会浮出水面。 水表面的紧张度很高, 因为极分子往往会聚在一起。 这就是为什么滴子会粘在一起, 或者有些虫子可以在池塘的表面行走。 没有水, 生命可能无法存在于地球上。 如果它存在, 它就不会是多样化的或复杂的 。Three States of Matter
::三个州Water is the only substance on Earth that is present in all three states of matter. This means that water is present as a solid, liquid, and gas. Earth is the only planet with a significant amount of water present in all three states. All three phases may be present in a single or in a region. The three phases are solid (ice or snow), liquid (water), and gas ( water vapor ). See ice, water, and pictured below ( Figure ).
::水是地球上存在于所有三个物质状态中的唯一物质,这意味着水是固体、液体和气体。地球是所有三个国家中唯一拥有大量水的行星。所有三个阶段都可能存在于一个或一个区域。三个阶段是固体(冰或雪)、液体(水)和气体(水蒸气)。见冰、水和下面的图示(图 )。(A) Ice floating in the sea. Can you find all three phases of water in this image? (B) Liquid water. (C) Water vapor is invisible, but clouds that form when water vapor condenses are not.
:A) 漂浮在海上的冰块。你能在这个图像中找到水的所有三个阶段吗? (B) 液态水。 (C) 水蒸气是隐形的,但当水蒸气凝结不形成云。
Summary
::摘要- Water is a polar molecule. On one side there is a positive electrical charge. On the other side there is a negative charge.
::水是极分子,一边是正电荷,另一边是负电荷。
- Water is the only substance on Earth that is stable in all three states.
::水是地球上所有三个州唯一稳定的物质。
- Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has water in all three states.
::地球是太阳系中唯一一个在所有三个州都有水的行星。
Review
::回顾- What is a polar molecule?
::什么是极分子?
- What are the three states of matter?
::这三种情况是什么?
- What are some of the remarkable properties of water?
::水的一些显著特性是什么?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- What is water made of?
::水是什么制造的?
- Explain how water becomes a solid.
::解释水是如何变成固体的。
- What happens when a solid melts?
::当固体融化时会怎样?
- How do molecules move in a liquid?
::分子如何在液体中移动?
- What are the major differences between a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
::固体、液体和气体之间的主要区别是什么?
- Water is a polar molecule. On one side there is a positive electrical charge. On the other side there is a negative charge.
