章节大纲

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  • 水上安全

    Crowds gather along the Ganges River, engaging in bathing and religious practices.
     

    What do you see in this photo?
    ::你在这张照片里看到了什么?

    The Ganges  River  is sacred to the people of India. It is also a major  source  of  water  for drinking and bathing for millions of people. An estimated 400 million people are affected by pollution in the Ganges. What can be done to protect a water body that has so much pressure placed on it?
    ::恒河对印度人民来说是神圣的,也是数百万人饮用和洗澡的主要水源,估计有4亿人受到恒河污染的影响。 如何保护对恒河造成如此巨大压力的水体?

    Water Safety
    ::水安全水安全

    The water Americans get from their faucets is safe. This water has been treated and purified. At least 20% of the world’s people do not have clean drinking water always available. That's more than 1 billion people. They must drink water from where they can get it. Maybe straight from a river or  pond  ( Figure   ). Human wastes may be in the water. If that's the case, the water will probably contain  pathogens .  Pathogens  are organisms that cause diseases.
    ::美国人从水龙头得到的水是安全的。这种水已经经过处理和净化。 世界上至少有20%的人一直没有清洁的饮用水。 超过10亿人。他们必须从水的地方喝水。也许直接从河水或池塘里取水(图 ) 。 人类的废物可能在水中。如果是这样的话,水可能含有病原体。病原体是引起疾病的有机体。

    A girl retrieves drinking water from a dug hole in rural Tanzania.
     
    This girl is getting drinking water from a hole that has been dug. It may be the only source of water in this remote part of Tanzania where she lives.

    Waterborne Disease
    ::水传疾病

    Unsafe drinking water causes 88% of diarrheal diseases worldwide. In many nations, these diseases are the leading cause of death in children under the age of five. More than 14,000 people die every  day  from such diseases. Cholera is caused by bacteria. A person gets guinea worm from drinking the guinea worm larvae ( Figure   ). The cholera bacteria and guinea worms are pathogens.
    ::不安全的饮用水造成全世界88%的腹泻疾病,在许多国家,这些疾病是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,每天有14 000多人死于这种疾病,霍乱是由细菌引起的,有人因饮用麦地那龙线虫幼虫而获得麦地那龙线虫,霍乱细菌和麦地那龙线虫是病原体。

    Close-up of a person's foot showing a guinea worm lesion, indicating waterborne disease.
     
    Guinea worm.

    Guinea worm is a serious problem in parts of Africa that is being eradicated. 
    ::在非洲部分地区,麦地那龙线虫是一个正在被根除的严重问题。

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • More than 1 billion people do not have access to water that is safe for drinking and washing.
      ::10亿多人无法获得安全饮用水,无法饮用和洗涤。
    • Waterborne diseases cause death and illness to people in many parts of the world.
      ::水传播疾病造成世界许多地区人民的死亡和疾病。
    • Government programs and international aid help to provide safe drinking water for some people.
      ::政府方案和国际援助帮助向一些人提供安全饮水。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What are pathogens?
      ::什么是病原体?
    1. Why do people drink from water sources that are contaminated?
      ::人们为什么喝污染水源的水?
    1. Why do nations fail to provide safe drinking water for their people?
      ::为什么国家不能为其人民提供安全的饮用水?
    1. Why do waterborne diseases rarely strike in the developed world?
      ::为什么在发达国家,水媒疾病很少发生?