8.7节约用水
章节大纲
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Can you figure out how to do these things better?
::你能想出更好的方法吗?The photos above are of water being wasted. Water being used for irrigation with much flying into the air. A large fountain in the desert . Excess water being used to wash a car. These sorts of waste occur all the time. How can these activities be done without so much waste? How can irrigation or car washing use less water? What can people enjoy in the desert that doesn't involve so much water?
::上面的照片是浪费的水; 大量飞入空气的水用于灌溉; 沙漠中的大喷泉; 过多的水用于洗车; 此类废物经常发生; 如何在没有这么多废物的情况下开展这些活动? 灌溉或洗车如何能少用水? 在沙漠中,人们可以享受什么而不涉及这么多水?Conserving Water
::保护用水Conserving water means using less of it. Of course, this mostly applies to people in the wealthy nations that have the most water and also waste the most.
::节约用水意味着较少使用水。 当然,这主要适用于富裕国家中用水最多、浪费最多的人民。Saving Water in Irrigation
::灌溉中节约用水Irrigation is the single biggest use of water. Overhead irrigation wastes a lot of water. Drip irrigation ( Figure ) wastes a lot less. Water pipes run over the surface of the ground. Tiny holes in the pipes are placed close to each plant. Water slowly drips out of the holes and soaks into the soil around the plants. Very little of the water evaporates or runs off the ground.
::灌溉是灌溉的最大用途。 高空灌溉浪费了大量的水。 滴灌( Figure)浪费的要少得多。 水管在地面上流过水管。 管道中的小洞离每个工厂很近。 水从洞中缓慢滴出,渗入植物周围的土壤。 水很少蒸发或从地面流出。The above is a drip irrigation system. Look at the soil in the photo. It’s damp around each plant but dry everywhere else.
::上面是滴灌系统。看看照片中的土壤。每个植物周围都潮湿,但其他地方都干燥。Rationing Water
::水配水Some communities save water with rationing. Much rationing takes place only during times of drought . During rationing, water may not be used for certain things. For example, communities may ban lawn watering and car washing. People may be fined if they use water in these ways. You can do your part. Follow any bans where you live.
::有些社区通过配给节省水量,许多配给只在干旱期间进行,在配给期间,水不得用于某些事情,例如,社区可以禁止草坪水和洗车,如果人们使用水,可以罚款。你可以做自己的事情,在居住的地方遵守任何禁令。Saving Water at Home
::家庭节约用水It’s easy to save water at home. If you save even a few gallons a day you can make a big difference in the long run. The best place to start saving water is in the bathroom. Toilet flushing is the single biggest use of water in the home. Showers and baths are the next biggest use. Follow the tips below to save water at home.
::在家里节约水是很容易的。 如果你每天节省几加仑水,那么从长远看,你就能大有作为。 最能开始节约水的地方是浴室。 厕所冲水是家里最大的用水。 淋浴和洗澡是下一个最大的用水点。 顺着下面的提示节省家庭用水。- Install water-saving toilets. They use only about half as much water per flush. A single household can save up to 20,000 gallons a year with this change alone!
::安装节约水的厕所,每个水流只能用大约一半的水。 单靠这一变化,一个家庭每年可节省多达20,000加仑的水!
- Remember what they say about bathroom flushing in California during rationing: If it's yellow, let it mellow; if it's brown, flush it down!
::记得人们怎么说在配给时在加州冲洗浴室:如果是黄色的,就让它温和;如果是棕色的,就把它冲下来!
- Take shorter showers. You can get just as clean in five minutes as you can in 10. And you’ll save up to 50 gallons of water each time you shower. That’s thousands of gallons each year.
::缩短淋浴时间。你可以在5分钟内清理干净,10分钟内可以,每次洗澡最多节省50加仑的水,每年可节省数千加仑水。
- Use low-flow shower heads. They use about half as much water as regular shower heads. They save thousands of gallons of water.
::使用低流淋浴头。他们使用的水量大约是正常淋浴头的一半。他们节省了数千加仑的水量。
- Fix leaky shower heads and faucets. All those drips really add up. At one drip per second, more than 6,000 gallons go down the drain in a year—per faucet!
::固定漏水的淋浴头和水龙头。所有的滴水都加起来了。每秒滴一滴,每年有超过6000加仑的水管下下水道——每个水龙头!
- Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. You could save as much as 10 gallons each time you brush. That could add up to 7,000 gallons in a year.
::刷牙时不要离开水流。 每次刷牙时可以节省多达10加仑。 一年中可以节省7000加仑。
- Landscape your home with plants that need little water. This could result in a huge savings in water use. Look at the garden pictured below ( Figure ); it shows that you don’t have to sacrifice beauty to save water.
::以需要少量水的植物来遮挡你的家。 这可以节省大量用水。 看看下面的花园(图 ) ; 这表明你不必牺牲美来节约水。
This beautiful garden contains only plants that need very little water.
::这个美丽的花园只有植物 需要很少的水Summary
::摘要- Drip irrigation uses much less water than other methods.
::灌溉用水比其他方法少得多。
- People can reduce water consumption by taking shorter showers, installing water-saving devices, and many other methods.
::人们可以通过缩短淋浴时间、安装节水装置和许多其他方法减少用水量。
- Communities sometimes ration water during times of drought.
::社区有时在干旱期间配给水。
Review
::回顾- How can you conserve water in your garden?
::你怎么能在花园里节约水?
- How can changing your personal habits conserve water?
::如何改变个人习惯节约用水?
- How does drip irrigation work?
::滴灌如何运作?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- How much does bottled water cost compared to tap water?
::与自来水相比,瓶装水的费用是多少?
- Besides cost, what are the reasons that drinking bottled water is harmful?
::除成本外,饮用水瓶装水有害的原因何在?
- What can make tap water taste better?
::是什么能让自来水品味更好?
- How much water does a front-loading washer save?
::前载水洗发水能救多少水?
- How long should you shower?
::你该洗多久?
- When should you water your garden? Why?
::你什么时候给花园浇水?
- Install water-saving toilets. They use only about half as much water per flush. A single household can save up to 20,000 gallons a year with this change alone!
