8.15地下水枯竭
Section outline
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What makes the desert bloom? Water!
::沙漠是什么开花的?You hear a lot about making the desert bloom. Many plants do well in the desert if they are given water . Since deserts do not have much water, is used. In many desert locations, groundwater is being pumped much faster than it is being recharged. What will happen in the future?
::你听到很多关于让沙漠开花的消息。许多植物如果得到水,在沙漠里也好。由于沙漠没有太多水,所以使用这些水。在许多沙漠地区,地下水的抽水速度比充水速度快得多。未来会发生什么呢?Human Use of Aquifers
::人为使用含水层Most land areas have aquifers beneath them. Many aquifers are used by people for freshwater . The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water. However, an aquifer close to the surface is also more likely to become polluted. Pollutants can seep down through porous in recharge water.
::多数陆地地区地下有含水层,许多含水层被人们用于淡水,靠近地表的含水层越容易获得水,但靠近地表的含水层也更有可能受到污染,污染物可以通过补水孔渗渗渗渗出。People may use the water in an aquifer faster than it is recharged. When this happens, the water table will lower. Wells may go dry. To get to the water, the well will need to be dug deeper.
::人们使用含水层水的速度可能比再充水的速度要快,一旦发生这种情况,水位会下降,水井会干涸。要到达水面,水井需要挖得更深。As the water table lowers, the ground above the aquifer may sink. This is called subsidence . When the ground subsides, any homes or other structures built above the aquifer will be damaged. The San Joaquin Valley of California is one of the world’s major agricultural areas. So much groundwater has been pumped that the land has subsided many tens of feet.
::随着地下水位的下降,含水层上方的地面可能会下沉,这被称为沉降。 当地下水位下降时,在含水层上方建造的任何房屋或其他结构都会受到破坏。 加利福尼亚州圣华金谷是世界上主要农业地区之一。 大量的地下水已经抽水,土地已经淹没了数十英尺。The signs on the pole show where ground level was at different years. The subsidence is due to groundwater depletion.
::极地上的标志显示地层是不同的年份,沉降是由于地下水耗竭造成的。The Ogallala Aquifer
::Ogallala含水层One of the biggest aquifers in the world is the Ogallala aquifer. As you can see below ( Figure ), this aquifer lies beneath parts of eight U.S. states. In some places, it is less than a meter deep. In other places, it is hundreds of meters deep. The water in the aquifer is mostly from the last ice age .
::世界上最大的含水层之一是Ogallala含水层。如下图所示,该含水层位于8个美国州下方。在有些地方,该含水层深度不到1米。在另一些地方,该含水层深达数百米。含水层的水大多来自上一个冰河时代。In this map, the area over the Ogallala aquifer is shaded in blue.
::在这张地图中,Ogallala含水层上空的区域是蓝色的。The Ogallala aquifer is an important source of freshwater in the American Midwest. This is a major farming area, and much of the water is used to irrigate crops. The water in this aquifer is being used up ten times faster than it is recharged. If this continues, what might happen to the Ogallala aquifer?
::Ogallala含水层是美国中西部淡水的重要来源,是一个主要农耕区,大部分水用于灌溉作物,该含水层的水的消耗速度比补给速度快十倍。 如果这种情况继续下去,Ogallala含水层会怎样?Summary
::摘要- When water is pumped from an aquifer, the water table goes down. Wells must be drilled deeper to get water.
::当从含水层抽水时,水位下降,水井必须钻得更深,才能取水。
- The Ogallala Aquifer was filled in the ice age. It is heavily used to irrigate Midwestern farms. The use rate is several times faster than the recharge rate.
::Ogallala含水层是在冰河时代填充的,大量用于灌溉中西部农场,使用率比补给率高出数倍。
- Ground subsidence is a consequences of groundwater overuse.
::地下水过度使用的后果是地面下沉。
Review
::回顾- What are some of the problems that come from overuse of groundwater?
::过度使用地下水产生了哪些问题?
- Why is the Ogallala aquifer important?
::Ogallala含水层为何重要?
- Why does groundwater removal cause the ground to subside?
::为什么地下水的清除会使地面平息?
Explore More
::探索更多Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
::利用以下资源回答以下问题。- Where is the Ogallala aquifer found?
::Ogallala含水层在哪里?
- What has put the Ogallala aquifer at risk?
::是什么使Ogallala含水层处于危险之中?
- What is the danger from the pipeline?
::管道的危险是什么?
- Why are people concerned about the pipeline?
::为什么人们关心输油管?
- When water is pumped from an aquifer, the water table goes down. Wells must be drilled deeper to get water.
