8.16地下水污染
章节大纲
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How could the water in this well be polluted?
::这口井的水怎么会被污染?Such an idyllic scene. The water from the well must taste as fresh as the springtime air. Of course, the water may be contaminated. Industrial waste from a factory down the road, or any number of other things, could have polluted the aquifer .
::当然,水可能受到污染。 沿路的工厂的工业废料,或者其他任何东西,都可能污染含水层。How Pollutants Enter Groundwater
::污染物如何进入地下水pollutants are the same as surface water pollutants: municipal, agricultural, and industrial. Groundwater is more susceptible to some sources of pollution. For example, irrigation water infiltrates into the ground, bringing with it the pesticides , fertilizers, and herbicides that were sprayed on the fields. Water that seeps through landfills also carries toxins into the ground. Toxic substances and things like gasoline are kept in underground storage tanks; more than 100,000 of the tanks are currently leaking and many more may develop leaks.
::地面水污染物与地表水污染物相同:城市、农业和工业污染物;地下水更容易受到某些污染源的影响;例如,灌溉水渗入地面,随之而来的是喷洒在田地上的杀虫剂、肥料和除草剂;通过填埋地渗出的水也含有毒素;有毒物质和诸如汽油之类的东西被存放在地下储油罐中;10万多罐水正在渗漏,更多的可能出现渗漏。Tanks may break and leak whatever toxins they contain into the ground.
::罐体可能破裂,将所含毒素漏入地面。Filtered Water
::过滤水Groundwater is a bit safer from pollution than surface water from some types of pollution because some pollutants are filtered out by the and soil that water travels through as it travels through the ground or once it is in the aquifer. But rock and soil can’t get out everything, depending on the type of rock and soil and on the types of pollutants. As it is, about 25% of the usable groundwater and 45% of the municipal groundwater supplies in the United States are polluted.
::地下水比地表水更安全,因为有些污染类型污染比地表水更安全,因为有些污染物在水穿透地面或进入含水层时被水经过的土壤和土壤过滤出来。 但岩石和土壤不能从所有方面得到污染,这取决于岩石和土壤的类型以及污染物的类型。 即便如此,美国25%的可用地下水和45%的市政地下水供应受到污染。Pollutant Plume
::聚污染物钚When the pollutant enters the aquifer, contamination spreads in the water outward from the source and travels in the direction that the water is moving. This pollutant plume may travel very slowly, only a few inches a day , but over time can contaminate a large portion of the aquifer. Many wells that are currently in use are contaminated. In Florida, for example, more than 90% of wells have detectible contaminants and thousands have been closed.
::当污染物进入含水层时,污染会从源头向外渗入水中,朝着水流的方向扩散,这种污染物羽流会非常缓慢地移动,每天只有几英寸,但随着时间的推移,会污染大部分含水层,许多目前正在使用的井受到污染,例如,在佛罗里达州,90%以上的水井有可探测的污染物,数千口已经关闭。Further Reading
::继续阅读Cleaning Up
::清理Summary
::摘要- Groundwater is susceptible to pollutants that infiltrate into the ground from underground storage tanks or agricultural fields.
::地下水容易受到从地下储油罐或农田渗入地面的污染物的影响。
- Rock and soil filters some pollutants as water travels down to and through an aquifer.
::岩石和土壤过滤一些污染物,因为水会下游到含水层或通过含水层。
- A plume containing pollutants travels outward from the source and through the aquifer in the direction the water is moving.
::含有污染物的羽流从水源和通过含水层向水流方向向外移动。
Review
::回顾- Is groundwater always cleaner than surface water?
::地下水是否总是比地表水更清洁?
- Is water that is advertised as spring water necessarily free of contaminants? Why or why not?
::以泉水作广告的水是否必然没有污染物?为什么或为什么没有?
- How does groundwater move into and through an aquifer?
::地下水如何进入和穿过含水层?
Explore More
::探索更多Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。- What chemicals get into drinking water?
::哪些化学品进入饮用水?
- How does water get into the groundwater aquifer?
::水如何进入地下水蓄水层?
- How does rock dissolve?
::岩石是如何溶解的?
- How does karst aquifers groundwater get contaminated?
::喀斯特含水层地下水如何受到污染?
- What are the three types of contaminants?
::三种污染物是什么类型?
- What happens to these contaminates when it rains above a karst aquifer?
::这些污染会怎么样 当它从喀斯特蓄水层上降下雨水时呢?
- What do sediments increase pollution in an aquifer?
::哪些沉积物会增加含水层的污染?
- Groundwater is susceptible to pollutants that infiltrate into the ground from underground storage tanks or agricultural fields.
