8.17水污染
Section outline
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Do you live near water? Do you see pollution?
::你住在水边吗?你看见污染了吗?Water pollution is a worldwide problem. Almost anything released into the air or onto the land can end up in Earth’s water.
::水污染是一个世界性的问题。 几乎任何排放到空气或陆地上的东西都可能最终进入地球的水中。Surface Water Pollution
::地表水污染Water pollution may come from one source . For example, chemicals from a factory may empty into a stream . Water pollution may come from more than one source, too. For example, chemicals in the air may be absorbed in rainwater and fall into that same stream. It is much more difficult to control pollution from more than one source.
::水污染可能来自一个来源,例如工厂的化学品可能空入一个流体;水污染也可能来自一个以上来源;例如,空气中的化学品可能从雨水中吸收,并落入同一来源;控制来自一个以上来源的污染要困难得多。In the developed nations there are three main sources of water pollution:
::在发达国家,水污染有三个主要来源:- Agriculture
::农业 农业 农业
- Industry
::工业工业工业
- Municipal, or community
::市镇或社区
Agriculture
::农业 农业 农业Chemicals that are applied to farm fields include fertilizers and pesticides . Excess chemicals can be picked up by rainwater. The chemicals can end up in streams, ponds , lakes , or the ocean. Dissolved fertilizer causes tremendous numbers of water plants and algae to grow. This can lead to dead zones where nothing can live in lakes or the coastal oceans.
::施用农田的化学品包括化肥和杀虫剂; 雨水可以吸收过多的化学品; 化学品最终可能流入溪流、池塘、湖泊或海洋; 溶解肥料导致大量水厂和藻类生长; 这可能导致湖泊或沿海海洋无处可栖的死区。Waste from livestock can also pollute water. The waste contains pathogens that can cause diseases. Many farms in the U.S. have thousands of animals. These farms produce millions of gallons of waste. The waste is stored in huge lagoons, like the one pictured below ( Figure ). Many leaks from these lagoons have occurred.
::牲畜产生的废物也可以污染水。废物含有可引起疾病的病原体。美国许多农场有成千上万的动物。这些农场产生数百万加仑的废物。废物存放在巨大的环礁湖中,就像下面的图(图 ) 。 这些环礁湖中有许多漏水。This is a pond of hog manure. Check out the vehicles at the bottom of the picture for scale. Industry
::工业工业工业Factories and power plants may pollute water with harmful substances.
::工厂和发电厂可能用有害物质污染水。- Many industries produce toxic chemicals.
::许多工业生产有毒化学品。
- plants produce radioactive wastes.
::植物产生放射性废料。
- Oil tanks and pipelines can leak.
::油罐和输油管可能会漏油。
Oil spills are hard to clean up and kill a lot of wildlife. Municipal
::市市市“Municipal” refers to the community. Households and businesses in a community can pollute the water supply. Municipal pollution comes from sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, boats, and runoff from yards. For example:
::“城市”是指社区,一个社区的家庭和企业可以污染供水,城市污染来自污水、排污、排污、化粪池、船只和院子径流。- People apply chemicals to their lawns. The excess can run off into surface waters.
::人们在草坪上施用化学物质 过量会流入地表水
- People may dispose of harmful substances incorrectly. For example, motor oil must not be drained into a storm sewer.
::人们可能会错误地处置有害物质,例如,机动油不得被排入下水道。
- Municipal sewage treatment plants dump treated wastewater into rivers or lakes. But the wastewater may not be treated for everything, or it may not be treated enough.
::城市污水处理厂将废水排入河流或湖泊,但废水可能得不到一切处理,或者可能得不到足够的处理。
Science Friday: Poop and Paddle: An Eco-Friendly Floating Toilet
::科学周五:Poop and paddle:生态友好浮动厕所How do wetlands filter water? In this video by Science Friday, inventor Adam Katzman describes how his toilet-boat converts human waste into cattails and clean water.
::湿地如何过滤水?在科学周五的影片中,发明家亚当·卡茨曼描述了他的马桶船如何将人类废物转化为尾巴和清洁水。Summary
::摘要- Pollution enters water from municipal, industrial, and agricultural sources.
::污染从城市、工业和农业来源进入水中。
- Fertilizer runoff can create dead zones in the ocean.
::肥料径流可以在海洋中形成死亡区
- People pollute water when they apply excess chemicals to their lawn. They may also dispose of pollutants incorrectly.
::人们在草坪上施用过量化学物质时污染水,还可能错误地处理污染物。
Review
::回顾- Why do large animal farms cause a lot of pollution?
::为什么大型畜牧场会造成很多污染?
- What are the three major sources of water pollution in the developed world?
::在发达世界,水污染的三个主要来源是什么?
- How can you and your family reduce water pollution?
::你和你的家人怎样才能减少水污染?
- Agriculture
