16.3 化学电池和太阳能电池
Section outline
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Can you identify the two objects pictured above? You’ve probably used objects like these many times. The photos show a TV remote (left) and a calculator (right). Both of them run on electric current . Current requires a source of , which is a difference in electric .
::您能否辨别上面所描绘的两个对象 ? 您可能已经多次使用过这样的对象。 照片显示的是一台电视遥控器( 左侧) 和一台计算器( 右侧 ) 。 两者都是用电流运行的。 电流需要电源, 电源不同 。Q: The source of voltage is different in the remote and the calculator. Do you know what source of voltage each device uses?
::Q: 远程和计算器的电压来源不同。 你知道每个设备使用的电压来源是什么吗 ?A: The TV remote uses chemical cells as a source of voltage. The calculator uses a solar cell .
::A:电视遥控器使用化学电池作为电压源,计算器使用太阳能电池。Chemical Cells
::化学细胞Chemical cells are found in batteries. They produce voltage by means of chemical reactions. Chemical cells have two electrodes, which are strips of different materials, such as zinc and carbon. The electrodes are suspended in an electrolyte. This is a substance that contains free , which can carry electric current. The electrolyte may be either a paste, in which case the cell is called a dry cell, or a , in which case the cell is called a wet cell. Flashlight batteries contain dry cells. Car batteries contain wet cells.
::化学电池在电池中找到,它们通过化学反应产生电压; 化学电池有两个电极,是锌和碳等不同材料的条纹; 电极在电解液中悬浮; 一种含有自由的、可携带电流的物质; 电解液可以是糊状的,在这种情况下,电池被称为干电池, 也可以是称为湿电池; 手电筒含有干电池; 电池含有干电池; 电池含有湿电池。The Figure shows how a battery works. The diagram represents the simplest type of battery, one that contains a single chemical cell. Both dry and wet cells work the same basic way. The electrodes react chemically with the electrolyte, causing one electrode to give up electrons and the other electrode to accept electrons. Electrons flow through the electrolyte from the negative to positive electrode. The electrodes extend out of the battery for the attachment of wires that carry the current. The current can be used to power a light bulb or other electric device.
::图中显示了电池是如何工作的。图中显示的是最简单的电池类型,其中含有一个化学电池。干电池和湿电池都以同样的基本方式工作。电极与电解液发生化学反应,导致一个电极放弃电子,另一个电极接受电子。电极通过电解从负电极向正电极流动。电极从电池中延伸出电池,用于携带电流的电线的附加。电极可用于为灯泡或其他电动装置提供动力。Solar Cells
::太阳能电池Solar cells convert the in sunlight to electrical energy . Solar cells are also called photovoltaic (PV) cells because they use light ( photo- ) to produce voltage ( -voltaic ). Solar cells contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy. The energy knocks electrons loose so they can flow freely and produce a difference in electric potential energy, or voltage. The flow of electrons creates electric current. Solar cells have positive and negative contacts, like the terminals in chemical cells. If the contacts are connected with wire, current flows from the negative to positive contact. The Figure shows how a solar cell works.
::太阳能电池也称为光电池(光电池),因为它们使用光(光-)来生产电压(伏-伏-伏-);太阳能电池含有吸收光能的硅等材料;能量使电子松散,这样它们可以自由流动,产生潜在电能或电压的差别;电子流动产生电流;太阳能电池与化学电池的终端一样,具有正和负接触;如果接触与电线相连,则从负向流动到正接触。图显示太阳能电池是如何运作的。Summary
::摘要-
Current requires a source of voltage, which is a difference in electric potential energy. Sources of voltage include chemical cells and solar cells.
::电流需要电压来源,即电能潜力的差异,电压来源包括化学电池和太阳能电池。 -
Chemical cells are found in batteries. They produce voltage by means of chemical reactions. They contain electrodes and an electrolyte, which may be a paste (dry cell) or a liquid (wet cell).
::化学电池在电池中找到,它们通过化学反应产生电压,含有电极和电解液,可以是糊状(干电池)或液体(湿电池)。 -
Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to electrical energy. They contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy and gives off electrons.
::太阳能电池将阳光下的能量转换成电能,含有吸收光能和释放电子的硅等材料。
Review
::回顾-
What is voltage? How is it related to electric current?
::什么是电压?它与电流有什么关系? -
How does a chemical cell produce current?
::化学细胞如何产生电流? -
Explain how a solar cell works.
::解释太阳能电池如何运作。
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Current requires a source of voltage, which is a difference in electric potential energy. Sources of voltage include chemical cells and solar cells.
