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  • General

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  • 海洋的重要性

    Whale tail partially submerged in cold ocean water near a shore.
     

    What does this whale know about the oceans?
    ::这鲸鱼对海洋了解多少?

    People  divide  up the seas into five oceans. But they are really all interconnected. Even so, they are all very different. This ocean is near a shore and is obviously in a cold region. It appears to be a good  habitat  for whales! No matter what, the oceans have a huge influence on the  planet , locally and as a whole.
    ::人们把海洋分成五大海洋,但是它们其实是相互联系的。即使如此,它们都是非常不同的。海洋离海岸很近,而且显然是在寒冷的地区。它似乎是鲸鱼的好栖息地!不管怎样,海洋对地球,对本地和整个地球都有着巨大的影响。

    The Ocean Influence
    ::海洋影响

    Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface. Oceans hold 97% of the planet's surface  water . It’s no surprise that the oceans have a big influence on the planet. The oceans affect the  atmosphere ,  climate , and living things.
    ::海洋占地球表面的70%以上。 海洋占地球表面水量的97%。 海洋对地球的影响很大并不奇怪。 海洋影响着大气层、气候和生物。

    Oceans and the Atmosphere
    ::海洋与大气层

    Oceans are the major  source  of  water vapor  in the atmosphere. Sunlight heats water near the sea surface ( Figure ). As the water warms, some of it evaporates. The water vapor rises into the air, where it may form   and  . Precipitation provides the  freshwater  needed by plants and other living things.
    ::海洋是大气中水蒸发的主要来源,阳光给海面(图)附近的水热,随着水温的升高,有些蒸发,有些蒸发,水蒸发到空气中,水蒸发可能形成并形成。降水提供了植物和其他生物所需的淡水。

    Gas exchange between oceans and atmosphere, highlighting evaporation and sunlight effects.
     
    The oceans and atmosphere exchange gases. Why does water vapor enter the atmosphere from the water?

    Ocean water also absorbs gases from the atmosphere. The most important are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is needed by living things in the oceans. Much of the carbon dioxide sinks to the bottom of the seas. Carbon dioxide is a major cause of  . By absorbing carbon dioxide, the oceans help regulate Earth’s  . However, too much carbon dioxide in the oceans can still be harmful to certain  marine organisms .
    ::海洋水也吸收大气中的气体。 最重要的是氧气和二氧化碳。 海洋生物需要氧气。 大部分二氧化碳沉入海底。 二氧化碳是主要原因。 通过吸收二氧化碳,海洋有助于调节地球。 然而,海洋中太多的二氧化碳仍然可能对某些海洋生物有害。

    Oceans and Climate
    ::海洋与气候

    Coastal areas have a milder climate than inland areas. They are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. That’s because land near an ocean is influenced by the temperature of the oceans. The temperature of ocean water is moderate and  stable . Why? There are two major reasons:
    ::沿海地区的气候比内陆地区温和,冬季较暖,夏季较冷。这是因为海洋附近的陆地受到海洋温度的影响。海水温度温和稳定。为什么?主要原因有二:

    1. Water is much slower to warm up and cool down than land. As a result, oceans never get as hot or as cold as land.
      ::海水比陆地暖和和冷却要慢得多。 结果,海洋从不象陆地那样热或冷。
    1. Water flows through all the world’s oceans. Warm water from the  equator  mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate.
      ::水流遍及世界所有海洋。 赤道的温暖水与北极的冷水混合。 温暖水和冷水的混合使水温温保持温和。

    Even inland temperatures are milder because of oceans. Without oceans, there would be much bigger temperature swings all over Earth. Temperatures might plunge hundreds of degrees below freezing in the winter. In the summer,  lakes  and seas might boil! Life as we know it could not exist on Earth without the oceans.
    ::甚至内陆温度也因海洋而更温和。 没有海洋,地球的温度波动会大得多。 冬季温度可能会跌至数百度以下,低于寒冷。 夏季,湖泊和海洋可能会沸腾! 生命将是我们所知的,没有海洋,地球上不可能存在生命。

    Oceans and Living Things
    ::海洋和生活状况

    The oceans provide a home to many living things. In  fact , a greater number of organisms lives in the oceans than on land. Coral  reefs  ( Figure ) have more diversity of life forms than almost anywhere else on Earth. Biological diversity is shortened to  biodiversity . Oceans contain the majority of  biomass  on Earth.
    ::海洋是许多生物的家园,事实上,在海洋中生活的生物比在陆地上的生物更多,珊瑚礁(图)比地球上几乎任何地方的生物形式多样化更多,生物多样性被缩短为生物多样性,海洋占了地球上大多数生物量。

    Colorful coral reefs thriving in a clear blue ocean, showcasing diverse marine life.
     
    Coral reefs teem with life.

     

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Oceans are an important part of the water cycle. They absorb gases from the atmosphere. They evaporate and supply water vapor to the atmosphere.
      ::海洋是水循环的重要组成部分,吸收大气中的气体,蒸发,向大气提供水蒸气。
    • Oceans moderate Earth's temperature by not changing temperature rapidly. Oceans also distribute heat around the planet.
      ::海洋通过不迅速改变温度来调节地球的温度。 海洋也在地球周围分配热量。
    • Oceans have tremendous biodiversity. They also contain the majority of all biomass on Earth.
      ::海洋拥有巨大的生物多样性,也拥有地球上大多数生物量。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. How do the oceans moderate Earth's temperature?
      ::海洋如何调节地球的温度?
    1. What role do oceans play in the water cycle?
      ::海洋在水循环中起什么作用?
    1. Why do oceans have so much biomass?
      ::为什么海洋有这么多生物量?