章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 海洋区域

    A bioluminescent jellyfish glowing in the dark ocean depths.
     

    If you go down in the ocean, what do you see?
    ::如果你下海,你会看到什么?

    Imagine you're in a  submersible  going to the bottom of the ocean. The first thing you realize is that it's not light for very long. The next thing is that many of the creatures that live just below where it's light create their own light. This is called  bioluminescence . What is the advantage of being able to light up if you live in the dark?
    ::想象一下你在潜水器中 进入海底。第一件事,你意识到它不是光的, 它不是长长的。接下来的事情是,许多生活在光下的生物 创造出自己的光。这叫做生物发光。如果你生活在黑暗中,那么能够点亮它的优势是什么?

    Ocean Zones
    ::海洋区

    In addition to the amount of salts, other conditions in ocean  water  vary from place to place. One is the amount of  nutrients  in the water. Another is the amount of sunlight that reaches the water. These conditions depend mainly on two factors: distance from shore and depth of water. Oceans are divided into zones ( Figure   ) based on these two factors. The ocean floor makes up another zone.
    ::除了盐类的数量外,海洋水中的其他条件也因地而异,一是水中营养物质的数量,二是到达水中的阳光量,这些条件主要取决于两个因素:远离海岸和水深;海洋根据这两个因素分为区域(图)。洋底构成另一个区域。

    Ocean zones, including intertidal, neritic, oceanic, and benthic zones.
     
    Distance from shore and depth of water define ocean zones. Which zone is on the ocean floor?

    Zones Based on Distance from Shore
    ::基于离海岸距离的地带

    There are three main ocean zones based on distance from shore. They are the  intertidal zone ,  neritic zone , and  oceanic zone . Distance from shore influences how many nutrients are in the water. Why? Most nutrients are washed into ocean water from land. Therefore, water closer to shore tends to have more nutrients. Living things need nutrients. So distance from shore also influences how many organisms live in the water.
    ::有三个主要海洋区, 以离海岸的距离为基础。 它们是潮间带、 弥漫带和海洋区。 远离海岸影响水中养分的数量。 为什么? 大多数养分从陆地被冲进海水中。 因此, 靠近海岸的水往往有更多的养分。 生物需要养分。 远离海岸也会影响水中生物的数量 。

    Zones Based on Depth of Water
    ::基于水深的区域

    Scientists refer to the vertical extent of ocean water as the  water column . Two main zones based on depth of water are the  photic zone  and  aphotic zone . The  photic zone  is the top 200 meters of water. The  aphotic zone  is water deeper than 200 meters. The deeper you go, the darker the water gets. That’s because sunlight cannot penetrate very far under water. Sunlight is needed for  photosynthesis . So the depth of water determines whether photosynthesis is possible. There is enough sunlight for photosynthesis only in the photic zone.
    ::科学家们将海洋水的垂直范围称为水柱。基于水深的两大主要区域是辐射区和光学区。光学区是顶部200米的水。光学区是顶部200米的水。光学区是深于200米的水。越深,水就越暗。这是因为阳光无法深入水下。光合作用需要阳光。因此,水的深度决定光合作用是否可行。光合作用区只有光合作用区有足够的阳光。

    Some organisms live on the  , rather than in the water column.  The seafloor is referred to as the  benthic zone .  This includes the seafloor on the  continental shelf , which is within the photic zone, as well as the deep ocean floor in the aphotic zone.
    ::海底称为海底区,包括位于甲状腺内的大陆架海底,以及位于甲状腺内的深洋底。

    Water gets colder as you go deeper. The weight of the water pressing down from above increases as well. At great depths, life becomes very difficult. The pressure is so great that only specially adapted creatures can live there.
    ::水越深,水就越冷。从上面压下来的水的重量也会增加。在深处,生命变得非常困难。压力很大,只有特别适应的生物才能在那里生活。

     

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • The small surface zone that has light is the photic zone. The entire rest of the ocean does not have light and is the aphotic zone.
      ::有光的小型表层区是辐射区,海洋其余部分没有光,是辐射区。
    • The ocean is divided into horizontal zones based on the distance from shore and the depth of water beneath: the intertidal, neritic, and oceanic.
      ::海洋根据离海岸的距离和下方水的深度划分为横向区域:潮间潮间潮流、内向和海洋。
    • Most of the life forms in the oceans live in, or at least visit, the surface.
      ::海洋中大多数生命形式都生活在或至少是参观表面。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why is there so little life at the bottom of the ocean?
      ::为什么海底的生命如此渺茫?
    1. Compare and contrast the intertidal, neritic, and oceanic zones.
      ::比较和对比潮间、内向和海洋区域。
    1. What would you expect to find in the photic zone? How would you expect that to be different from the aphotic zone?
      ::你在甲状腺中会发现什么?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

     

     

    1. Where can 90% of the of the ocean's life be found?
      ::海洋生命的90%可以在哪里找到?
    1. Where is the twilight zone? What lives there?
      ::奇幻地带在哪里?
    1. Where is the dark zone? What lives there?
      ::黑暗地带在哪里?
    1. Why is little life found in the dark zone?
      ::为什么在黑暗地带 发现小生命?
    1. What is the abyss? Where is it found?
      ::深渊是什么 在哪里找到的
    1. Why are trenches so deep?
      ::为什么战壕这么深?