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  • 洋流和气候

    A misty forest with towering giant redwoods, illustrating the foggy habitat created by ocean currents.

     

    How do ocean currents create giant redwoods?
    ::洋流如何创造巨型红杉?

    The California Current brings cool  water  south along the western United States. Cool water contacting warmer water creates  . This creates a favorable  habitat  for the giant redwoods of the northern California coast.
    ::加利福尼亚洋流给美国西部以南带来冷水。 冷水连接热水产生。 这为加利福尼亚北部海岸的巨型红木创造了有利的栖息地。

    Surface Currents and Climate
    ::地表洋流和气候

    Large ocean currents can have a big impact on  climate , especially of nearby coasts. The  equator  and the poles have very different climates today. But these regions would be much more different without ocean  . These currents move  heat  around the globe. The best known of these is the  Gulf Stream , which warms parts of Europe. But other currents also alter near-shore climates. Like the Gulf Stream, the Kushiro Current warms Japan. Cooler currents that move from the polar regions to the equator also alter climate.
    ::大型洋流可能对气候产生巨大影响,特别是附近海岸的气候。赤道和极地的气候今天大不相同。但是如果没有海洋,这些地区会大不相同。这些海流会在全球移动。最著名的是海湾流,它温暖了欧洲的部分地区。但其他海流也会改变近岸气候。像海湾流一样,九郎洋流也温暖了日本。从极地向赤道移动的较凉爽的海流也会改变气候。

    The Gulf Stream
    ::海湾流

    The Gulf Stream carries warm water from near the equator up the eastern coast of North America. Look at the   below ( Figure   ); it shows how the Gulf Stream warms both the water and land along the coast.
    ::海湾流从北美东海岸的赤道附近承载热水,看看下面(图);它显示了海湾流如何温暖沿海的水和土地。

    Map showing Gulf Stream temperatures along eastern North America, indicating warmer ocean and land areas.

     

    In this satellite photo, different colors indicate the temperatures of water and land. The warm Gulf Stream can be seen snaking up eastern North America.
    ::在这颗卫星照片中,不同颜色显示水和土地的温度,而温暖的海湾溪流则在北美东部被淹没。

    The warm water then flows across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe. The Gulf Stream's warm waters raise temperatures in the North Sea. The warmer ocean temperatures raise the air temperatures over land. The difference is between 3 to 6°C (5 to 11°F). London, U.K., for example, is about six degrees farther south than Quebec, Canada. However, London’s average January   is nearly 16°C (28°F) warmer. London also gets a lot of  rain  ( Figure   ). Air traveling over the warm Gulf Stream water picks up moisture. Quebec is much drier but much snowier ( Figure   ).
    ::温暖的水流随后穿过大西洋流向欧洲。 海湾溪的温暖水域提高了北海的温度。 温暖的海洋温度提高了陆地的气温。 差幅在3至6°C( 5至11°F ) 之间。 例如,伦敦( U.K.)比加拿大魁北克省更南大约6度。 然而,伦敦的1月平均温度接近16°C( 28°F ) 。 伦敦的降雨量也很大( Figure ) 。 穿越温暖的海湾溪流水域的空气吸收了水分。 魁北克省水量大,但雪量大( Figure ) 。

    Tower Bridge in London during winter with rain droplets visible on the lens.

     

    London, England, in winter.
    ::伦敦,英格兰,冬天

    Quebec City in winter, featuring snow-covered buildings and a prominent castle-like structure.

     

    Quebec City, Quebec, in winter.
    ::魁北克市,魁北克,冬天

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Water in the Gulf Stream warms as it travels along the equator. The Gulf Stream brings warm water north along the United States. It then travels across the northern Atlantic to the British Isles.
      ::海湾河沿赤道流动,海湾河沿美国向北带暖水,然后穿过北大西洋前往不列颠群岛。
    • The Gulf Stream creates a relatively warm wet climate for the British Isles. This compares with the frigid Quebec at about the same latitude.
      ::海湾流为不列颠群岛创造了相对温暖的湿润气候,与大约同一纬度的寒冷的魁北克相比。
    • Ocean currents transfer heat from the equator toward the poles. This moderates Earth's temperature.
      ::海洋洋流将热量从赤道向极地转移,这调节了地球的温度。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why is England relatively mild and rainy in winter for its latitude? Why is central Canada, at the same latitude and during the same season, relatively dry and frigid?
      ::为什么英格兰的纬度在冬季相对温和和降雨量相对较低? 为什么加拿大中部在同一纬度和同一季节的中部地区相对干燥和寒冷?
    1. Where else do you think ocean currents might moderate global climate?
      ::不然你觉得海流会在哪里 缓和全球气候?
    1. What would Earth be like if ocean water did not move?
      ::如果海水不移动,地球会怎样?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    1. What occurred in the Atacoma desert in July 2011? Why was this noteworthy?
      ::2011年7月阿塔科马沙漠发生什么了?为什么这值得注意?
    1. What was the weather like in Australia in August and September 2011?
      ::2011年8月和9月澳大利亚的天气如何?
    1. What happened in the summer of 2011 in the United States?
      ::2011年夏天在美国发生了什么?
    1. How many temperature records were broken in 2011 in the U.S.?
      ::2011年美国有多少温度记录被打破?
    1. Why are scientists monitoring the Arctic ice?
      ::为什么科学家们要监测北极冰层?
    1. What are the effects of the ice melt?
      ::冰融化有什么影响?
    1. How is the Gulf Stream affected by the melting of the Arctic ice?
      ::北极冰层融化如何影响海湾流?