章节大纲

  • 常规

    全部折叠 展开全部

  • 深流

    A large school of small fish swimming together underwater in sunlight.

     

    Why do small fish live in upwelling zones?
    ::为什么小鱼生活在上栖地区?

    Seawater is always on the move.  Water  that comes up to the surface from deep is rich with  nutrients .  Plankton  gather where nutrients are plentiful. Small fish come to eat the plankton. Of course, larger fish and birds come to eat the smaller fish. So  upwelling  is responsible for an abundance of life.
    ::海水总是在移动,从深处到地表的水富含营养物。 Plankton收集了丰富的营养物。小鱼来吃浮游生物。当然,大鱼和小鸟来吃小鱼。因此,上浮是生物繁多的原因。

    Deep Currents
    ::深洋流

    Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean.  Deep currents  are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks. Less dense water rises. What can make water more dense?
    ::洋流也在海洋表面深处流动。 深洋是由上层和下层密度的差异造成的。 较稠密的水吸收的空间小于密度较低的水。 其质量相同, 体积较小。 水是密度较高的汇。 密度较低的水会上升。 是什么能使水更加稠密?

    Downwelling
    ::下下游住房

    Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt. In the North Atlantic Ocean, cold  winds  chill the water at the surface. Sea ice grows in this cold water, but ice is created from fresh water. The salt is left behind in the seawater. This cold, salty water is very dense, so it sinks to the bottom of the North Atlantic.  Downwelling  can take place in other places where surface water becomes very dense ( Figure   ).
    ::在北大西洋,冷风使地表水寒冷;海冰在冷水中生长,但从淡水中创造出冰。盐留在海水中。这种寒冷的咸水非常稠密,因此沉入北大西洋底部。下水道可以在地表水非常稠密的其他地方进行(图 ) 。

    Downwelling in the ocean due to cold, saline water from polar regions.

     

    Deep currents flow because of differences in density of ocean water.
    ::由于海水密度的差异,水流的深度很大。

    When water sinks it pushes deep water along at the bottom of the ocean. This water circulates through all of the ocean basins in deep currents.
    ::当水沉入海底时,它会把深水推向海底,水会以深水流贯穿所有海洋盆地。

    Upwelling
    ::上 上 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住 住

    Sometimes deep ocean water rises to the surface. This is called  upwelling . The figure below shows why it happens ( Figure   ). Strong winds blow surface water away from shore. This allows deeper water to flow to the surface and take its place.
    ::有时深海水会升至地表,这被称为上涌。下图显示了它发生的原因(图 )。强风将表层水从岸边吹走。这让更深的水流到地表并取代它的位置。

    Upwelling, illustrating nutrient-rich deep water rising to the ocean surface.

     

    An upwelling occurs when deep ocean water rises to the surface.
    ::当深海水升至地表时,就会出现上升。

    When water comes up from the deep, it brings a lot of nutrients with it. Why is deep water so full of nutrients? Over time, dead organisms and other  organic  matter settle to the bottom water and collect. The nutrient-rich water that comes to the surface by upwelling supports many living things.
    ::当水从深处涌出时,它带来许多养分。为什么深水如此充满养分?随着时间推移,死亡生物和其他有机物会沉积在底水中,并收集。通过上涌而流入表层的富营养水支撑着许多生物。

    Upwelling also takes place along the  equator . Winds blow the surface water north and south. This leaves a void that deep water can upwell into. The nutrients rise to the surface and support a great deal of life in the equatorial oceans.
    ::赤道一带也有上涌现象,风吹向地表水,北面和南面,留下深水可以涌入的空隙,养分上升至地表,并支撑着赤道海洋的大量生命。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Cooling or evaporation of fresh water from the sea surface makes surface water dense. This causes the surface water to undergo downwelling.
      ::海水表面淡水的冷却或蒸发使地表水密度高,导致地表水下水道。
    • Downwelling of cold, dense water pushes deep water along. This drives thermohaline circulation.
      ::寒冷而稠密的水淹没着深水,推动着热水循环。
    • Upwelling takes place at some coastlines or along the equator. Upwelling brings cool, nutrient-rich water to the surface.
      ::在某些海岸线或赤道沿线发生上涌,上涌给地表带来冷却、富营养的水。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Why is upwelling important?
      ::为什么住高房很重要?
    1. What does downwelling do globally?
      ::全球范围内的下行是做什么的?
    1. How are deep currents created?
      ::深水流是如何形成的?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
    ::利用以下资源回答以下问题。

    1. How does temperature affect the density of water?
      ::温度如何影响水的密度?
    1. How does evaporation affect salinity and therefore density?
      ::蒸发如何影响盐度和密度?
    1. What does the density difference create?
      ::密度差异产生什么?
    1. What and where is the NADW?
      ::什么,NADW在哪里?
    1. What and where is the AABW?
      ::什么是AABW在哪里?
    1. Why are NADW and AABW important for global ocean circulation?
      ::为什么NADW和AABW对全球海洋环流很重要?
    1. How long does it take a water molecule to complete the circuit of the global conveyor belt?
      ::水分子需要多久才能完成全球传送带的电路?
    1. What is an upwelling? What does it do?
      ::什么是住宅?它能做什么?