10.8热层及以上
章节大纲
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Lesson
::经验教训Can you take a field trip to the thermosphere? Maybe some day!
::你可以到热层去实地考察吗?The inhabitants of the International Space Station and other space stations live in the thermosphere . They are not directly in the thermosphere, of course. They must be inside the station or inside a space suit at all times. Maybe some day you will join them!
::国际空间站和其他空间站的居民生活在热层中,当然,他们并不直接在热层中,他们必须始终在空间站内或太空服内,也许有一天你会加入他们!Thermosphere
::热热层The thermosphere is the layer above the . It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station and other space stations orbit Earth in this layer.
::热层是该层上方的层,升至地表600公里(372英里),国际空间站和其他空间站在这一层的地球轨道上。Temperature in the Thermosphere
::热层中的温度increases with altitude in the thermosphere. Surprisingly, it may be higher than 1000° C (1800° F) near the top of this layer! This layer of the atmosphere absorbs the highest energy photons coming from the such as gamma and X-rays . The gas molecules absorb this energy and are heated up to very high temperatures. But there are so few gas molecules that the air still feels very cold. Molecules in the thermosphere may also gain or lose electrons. They then become charged particles called ions .
::气分子吸收了这种能量,并被加热到非常高的温度。 奇怪的是, 它可能高于该层顶部的1000°C( 1800°F) 。 这个大气层吸收了来自伽马射线和X射线的最高能量光子。 气分子吸收了这种能量, 并且被加热到非常高的温度。 但是气分子很少, 空气仍然感到非常寒冷。 热层中的微粒也可能增减电子。 它们随后成为被称为离子的充电粒子。Magnetosphere
::磁层Earth's magnetosphere is controlled by the magnetic field . The magnetosphere protects the planet from the solar wind . The solar wind is ions that fly from the Sun to Earth very fast. The magnetosphere protects Earth's ozone layer . So life on Earth needs the protection of the magnetosphere.
::地球的磁层受磁场控制。磁层保护地球不受太阳风的影响。太阳风是从太阳飞向地球的离子。磁层保护地球的臭氧层。地球的生命需要保护磁层。Northern and Southern Lights
::北光和南光Have you ever seen a brilliant light show in the night sky? Sometimes the ions in the thermosphere glow at night. Storms on the Sun energize the ions and make them light up. In the Northern Hemisphere , the lights are called the northern lights, or aurora borealis. In the Southern Hemisphere , they are called southern lights, or aurora australis. They are referred to together as the aurora ( Figure and Figure ).
::你见过夜空的辉煌光辉吗?有时热层的离子在夜间发光。太阳的暴风使离子充满活力,使其发光。在北半球,光线被称为北半球的光,或北半球的光。在南半球,光线被称为南半球的光,或极光。它们被统称为极光(图和图)。The aurora as seen from the Northern Hemisphere, known as the Aurora Borealis. The aurora borealis as seen from the International Space Station. Exosphere
::外向The exosphere is the layer above the thermosphere. This is the top of the atmosphere. The exosphere has no real upper limit; it just gradually merges with outer space. Gas molecules are very far apart in this layer, but they are really hot. Earth’s gravity is so weak in the exosphere that gas molecules sometimes just float off into space.
::外层是热层上方的层。 这是大气层的顶部。 外层没有真正的上限;它只是与外层空间逐渐融合。 气分子在这个层中非常相距甚远,但非常热。 地球在外层的引力非常弱,有时气体分子会漂浮到太空中。Summary
::摘要- The solar wind is made of high speed particles from the Sun. The magnetosphere protects Earth from the solar wind.
::太阳风是由太阳的高速粒子组成,磁层保护地球不受太阳风的干扰。
- Particles from the Sun energize ions in the thermosphere. This creates the northern and southern lights.
::太阳粒子在热层中激发离子的活力 这创造了北光和南光
- Gas molecules are exceedingly rare in the exosphere.
::气体分子在外层极少见。
Review
::回顾- What are the properties of the thermosphere?
::热层的特性是什么?
- Why are gas molecules so rare in the exosphere?
::为什么气体分子在外星圈里如此罕见?
- What causes the aurora? Where in the atmosphere does it take place?
::是什么导致极光?在大气层中,它在哪里发生?
- The solar wind is made of high speed particles from the Sun. The magnetosphere protects Earth from the solar wind.
