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  • 地球的热收支

    A couple sits at a table with a laptop and papers, discussing finances.
     

    How does heat on Earth resemble a household budget?
    ::地球上的热量如何像家庭预算?

    The  heat  left on Earth is heat in minus heat out. If more  energy  comes into the system than goes out of the system, the  planet  warms. If less energy goes into the system than goes out of the system, the planet cools. Replace the word "money" for "heat" and "on Earth" to "in your bank account" and you describe a household budget. Of course, Earth's heat budget is a lot more complex than a simple household budget.
    ::地球上剩下的热量是零热热的热量。 如果系统中的能量比系统外的能量多, 行星会变暖。 如果系统中的能量比系统外的能量少, 行星会冷却。 将“ 热” 和“ 地球” 的“ 金钱” 替换为“ 银行账户” 和 “ 家庭预算 ” 。 当然, 地球的热预算比简单的家庭预算复杂得多 。

    Heat at Earth’s Surface
    ::地球表面的热量

    About half of the solar radiation that strikes the top of the  atmosphere  is filtered out before it reaches the ground. This energy can be absorbed by atmospheric gases, reflected by  , or scattered. Scattering occurs when a light wave strikes a particle and bounces off in some other direction.
    ::撞击大气层顶部的太阳辐射约有一半在到达地面之前被过滤出来。这种能量可以通过大气气体吸收,这些气体会反射或散射。当光波撞击粒子并弹向其他方向时,就会散落。

    About 3% of the energy that strikes the ground is reflected back into the atmosphere. The rest is absorbed by  ,  soil , and  water  and then radiated back into the air as heat. These infrared  wavelengths  can only be seen by infrared sensors.
    ::撞击地面的大约3%的能量反射回到大气层,其余的被土壤和水吸收,然后作为热向空气辐射。这些红外波长只能通过红外传感器看到。

     

     

     

     

    The Heat Budget
    ::热热预算

    Because   continually enters Earth’s atmosphere and ground surface, is the planet getting hotter? The answer is no (although the next section contains an exception), because energy from Earth escapes into space through the top of the atmosphere. If the amount that exits is equal to the amount that comes in, then average global   stays the same. This means that the planet’s heat budget is in balance. What happens if more energy comes in than goes out? If more energy goes out than comes in?
    ::由于不断进入地球大气层和地表,地球是否越来越热?答案是否定的(尽管下一节包含一个例外 ) , 因为地球的能量会通过大气层的顶部渗入太空。 如果出口的量等于进入的量,那么全球平均保持同样的水平。 这意味着地球的热预算是平衡的。 如果更多的能量流入地球而不是流出,会发生什么情况呢?如果更多的能量流出而不是流出呢?

    To say that the Earth’s heat budget is balanced ignores an important point. The amount of incoming solar energy is different at different latitudes. Where do you think the most solar energy ends up and why? Where does the least solar energy end up and why? See the  Table   .
    ::说地球的热预算是平衡的,忽略了一个重要的点。 不同纬度的来源太阳能数量不同。 你认为最太阳能的结局和原因何在? 最小太阳能的结局和原因何在? 见表格。

    The Amount of Incoming Solar Energy
      Day Length Sun Angle Solar Radiation Albedo
    Equatorial Region Nearly the same all  year High High Low
    Polar Regions Night 6 months Low Low High

    Note: Colder temperatures mean more ice and  snow  cover the ground, making  albedo  relatively high.
    ::注:温度越低,冰雪覆盖地表的冰雪就越大,反照率就越高。

    The difference in solar energy received at different latitudes drives  .
    ::不同纬度驱动器获得的太阳能差异。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • Incoming solar radiation is absorbed by atmospheric gases, reflected by clouds, or scattered.
      ::即将到来的太阳辐射由大气气体吸收,由云反映,或分散。
    • Much of the radiation that strikes the ground is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat.
      ::地面受到的辐射 大部分都像热量一样 被辐射回大气层
    • More solar radiation strikes the equator than the poles.
      ::太阳辐射对赤道的打击比对极的打击更大。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. If the Sun suddenly started to emit more energy, what would happen to Earth's heat budget and the planet's temperature?
      ::如果太阳突然开始释放更多的能量, 地球的热量预算和地球的温度会怎样呢?
    1. If more greenhouse gases were added to the atmosphere, what would happen to Earth's heat budget and the planet's temperature?
      ::如果大气中增加更多的温室气体,地球的热量预算和地球的温度会怎样?
    1. What happens to sunlight that strikes the ground?
      ::撞击地面的阳光会怎样?

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
    ::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

     

     

     

     

    1. What does CERES measure?
      ::CERES衡量什么?
    1. What does the acronym CERES stand for?
      ::CERES缩略语代表什么?
    1. What is the ideal radiation budget? Why?
      ::理想的辐射预算是什么?
    1. How much of the Sun's radiation is reflected or absorbed by clouds.
      ::太阳的辐射有多少被云层反射或吸收
    1. What type of surfaces absorb the most energy?
      ::哪种表面吸收的能量最多?
    1. Which regions are reflective?
      ::哪些区域具有反省性?
    1. What are scientists finding with CERES?
      ::科学家们对CERES有什么发现?
    1. Why is the Earth warming?
      ::为什么地球变暖?
    1. What is a carbon footprint?
      ::什么是碳足迹?
    1. What happens to albedo when the ice caps melt?
      ::当冰盖融化时,反照率会怎样?