章节大纲

  • 常规

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  • 怀孕

    Pregnant woman smiling, holding her belly in a bright, airy room.

    Why is it called labor?
    ::为什么叫劳动?

    So…the mother carries the developing baby for nine months. We know about the tremendous growth and of the embryo and fetus . Then comes labor .
    ::母亲怀孕九个月,我们知道 胎儿和胎儿的巨大成长

    Pregnancy and Childbirth
    ::怀孕和分娩

    Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring from until birth. It is the development of an embryo and fetus from the expectant mother’s point of view.
    ::怀孕是指从出生到出生的一个或多个后代的生育,从孕妇的角度来看,怀孕是指胚胎和胎儿的发育。

    The Mother’s Role
    ::母亲的作用

    The pregnant mother plays a critical role in the development of the embryo and fetus. She must avoid toxic substances such as alcohol, which can damage the developing offspring. She must also provide all the nutrients and other substances needed for normal growth and development. Most nutrients are needed in greater amounts by a pregnant woman, but some are especially important, including folic acid ( vitamin B 9 ), calcium , iron, and omega-3 fatty acids .
    ::怀孕母亲在胚胎和胎儿发育中发挥着关键作用,必须避免酒精等有毒物质,因为酒精会损害发育中的后代,还必须提供正常生长和发育所需的所有养分和其他物质,孕妇需要的养分较多,但有些养分特别重要,包括叶酸(维生素B9)、钙、铁和欧美加-3脂肪酸。

    Childbirth
    ::分娩 分娩

    Near the time of birth, the amniotic sac breaks in a gush of fluid. Often when this occurs, women say that their " broke." Labor usually begins within a day of this event. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus , which cause the cervix to dilate. With the mother’s help, the contractions eventually push the fetus out of the uterus and through the vagina . After birth, t he umbilical cord is cut. The baby can breathe air now that it is no longer in amniotic fluid .
    ::分娩即将到来,羊水囊破解了一大堆液体。 通常,当这种情况发生时,妇女会说她们“崩溃 ” 。 劳动通常在事件发生后一天之内开始。 劳动涉及到子宫肌肉壁的收缩,导致宫颈膨胀。 在母亲的帮助下,宫颈的收缩最终将胎儿从子宫和阴道中推出。 分娩后,将断断开腹膜。 现在婴儿可以呼吸空气,不再用羊膜液。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • A pregnant woman should avoid toxins and take in adequate nutrients for normal fetal growth and development.
      ::孕妇应当避免毒素,并为正常的胎儿生长和发育吸收足够的养分。
    • During childbirth, contractions of the uterus push the child out of the body.
      ::在分娩期间,子宫的萎缩将孩子推出身体。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What causes the fetus to be pushed out of the uterus during birth?
      ::是什么原因导致胎儿在分娩时被从子宫中排出?
    2. Why is the umbilical cord cut before a newborn has started to breathe on its own?
      ::为什么在新生儿自己开始呼吸之前,