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    Symbols representing male and female with the text 'Safe Sex' beside them.

    What does “safe sex” truly mean?
    ::“安全性行为”真正意味着什么?

    “Safe Sex.” The thought of a sexually transmitted infection should be enough to make you think about and believe in this saying.
    ::“安全性”。 关于性传染感染的想法应该足以让你思考并相信这个说法。

    Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections
    ::了解性传播感染

    A shocking statistic made headlines in 2008. A recent study had found that one in four teen girls in the U.S. had a sexually transmitted infection. A sexually transmitted infection (STI) (also known as a sexually transmitted disease , or STD) is an infection caused by a that spreads mainly through sexual contact. Worldwide, a million people a day become infected with STIs. The majority of them are under the age of 25.
    ::2008年的头条新闻统计令人震惊。 2008年,最近的一项研究发现,美国每四个少女中就有一个感染了性传染疾病,性传播感染(也称为性传染疾病,即性传染疾病)是主要通过性接触传播的感染。全世界每天有100万人感染性传染疾病,其中大多数年龄在25岁以下。

       

     

    To be considered an STI, an infection must have only a small chance of spreading naturally in ways other than sexual contact. Some infections that can spread through sexual contact, such as the common cold, spread more commonly by other means. These infections are not considered STIs.
    ::将感染视为性传染感染,除性接触外,自然传播的机率必须很小,通过性接触传播的感染,如普通寒冷,通常通过其他方式传播,这些感染不被视为性传染感染。

    Pathogens that Cause STIs
    ::导致性传播感染的病原体

    STIs may be caused by several different types of pathogens, including , , , and . For example:
    ::性传播感染可能由几种不同类型的病原体引起,包括、、和.。

    • Protozoa cause an STI called trichomoniasis . The pathogen infects the vagina in females and the urethra in males, causing symptoms such as burning and itching. Trichomoniasis is common in young people.
      ::蛋白质导致性传染感染,称为三氯龙线虫病,病原体感染雌性阴道和雄性尿道,引起烧伤和痒等症状,三氯龙线虫病在年轻人中很常见。
    • Pubic lice , like the one in Figure , are insect parasites that are transmitted sexually. They suck the of their host and irritate the skin in the pubic area.
      ::象图中一样,小虱子是性传播的昆虫寄生虫,它们吸食宿主的肉,刺激阴部的皮肤。

    Close-up view of a pubic louse, an insect parasite associated with STIs.

    Pubic lice like this one are only about as big as the head of a pin.
    ::象这个这样的小虱子只像针头一样大

    Most STIs are caused by bacteria or viruses. can be cured with antibiotics . cannot be cured. Once you are infected with a viral STI, you are likely to be infected for life.
    ::大部分性传染感染是由细菌或病毒引起的。 可以用抗生素治愈。 无法治愈。 一旦感染了病毒性传染感染,你很可能终身受到感染。

    How STIs Spread
    ::性传播感染的传播方式

    Most of the pathogens that cause STIs enter the body through mucous membranes of the reproductive organs . All sexual behaviors that involve contact between mucous membranes put a person at risk for infection. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sexual behaviors. Many STIs can also be transmitted through body fluids such as blood, semen , and breast milk. Therefore, behaviors such as sharing injection or tattoo needles is another way these STIs can spread.
    ::导致性传播感染的大多数病原体通过生殖器官的粘膜膜进入人体。所有涉及粘膜膜接触的性行为都使人面临感染风险。这包括阴道、肛门和口腔性行为。许多性传播感染也可以通过血液、精液和母乳等体液传播。因此,诸如共用注射针或纹身针等行为是这些性传播感染传播的另一途径。

    Why are STIs common in young people? One reason is that young people often take risks. They may think, “It can’t happen to me.” They also may not know how STIs are spread, so they don’t know how to protect themselves. In addition, young people may have multiple sexual partners.
    ::科技创新为什么在年轻人中很常见? 原因之一是年轻人常常承担风险。 他们可能会认为 , “ 这不会发生在我身上 ” 。 他们也可能不知道科技创新是如何传播的,因此不知道如何保护自己。 此外,年轻人可能有多个性伴侣。

    Preventing STIs
    ::预防性传播感染

    The only completely effective way to prevent infection with STIs is to avoid sexual contact and other risky behaviors. Using condoms can lower the risk of becoming infected with STIs during some types of sexual activity. However, condoms are not foolproof. Pathogens may be present on areas of the body not covered by condoms. Condoms can also break or be used incorrectly.
    ::防止性传播感染的唯一完全有效的办法是避免性接触和其他危险行为,使用避孕套可以降低某些性活动期间感染性传染感染的风险,但避孕套不能防愚,在安全套覆盖的地区可能存在病原体,安全套也可能被误用或误用。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • STIs are diseases caused by pathogens that spread through sexual contact.
      ::性传播感染是通过性接触传播的病原体引起的疾病。
    • Abstinence from sexual activity and other risk behaviors is the only completely effective way to prevent the spread of STIs.
      ::禁止性活动和其他风险行为是防止性传播感染蔓延的唯一完全有效的办法。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. Describe how STIs spread.
      ::说明性传播感染是如何传播的。
    2. What causes most STIs?
      ::是什么导致大多数性传播感染?
    3. Can bacterial STIs be cured? If so, how? What about viral STIs?
      ::细菌性传染疾病能否治愈?如果可以,如何?病毒性传染疾病怎么办?病毒性传染疾病呢?
    4. What is the only completely effective way to prevent a sexually transmitted infection?
      ::防止性传染感染的唯一完全有效的途径是什么?
    5. Assume you are preparing a public service announcement (PSA) to explain to teens how and why to avoid STIs. List three facts you think it would be important to include for an informative and persuasive PSA.
      ::假设你正在准备一份公共服务公告(PSA),向青少年解释如何和为什么避免性传播感染。 列出三个事实,你认为必须包含一个信息丰富和有说服力的PSA。

    Explore More
    ::探索更多

    Use this resource to answer the questions that follow.
    ::使用此资源回答下面的问题 。

      

     

    1. List five facts about STDs.
      ::列举五种性传播疾病的事实。
    2. List five myths about STDs.
      ::列举五种关于性病的神话。