9.9 生物技术的伦理、法律和社会问题 -- -- 高级
Section outline
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Right or wrong? Good or bad? Legal or illegal?
::正确或错误?好还是坏?合法还是非法?The completion of The is one of the most important scientific events of the past 50 years. However, is knowing all of our a good thing? Could this tell a person if they are predisposed to develop a certain disease? Could this lead to types of discrimination? The advancement of has raised many interesting "ethical, legal, and social" questions.
::完成《圣经》是过去50年中最重要的科学事件之一。 然而,了解我们所有一件好事吗?这能告诉一个人他们是否愿意发展某种疾病吗?这是否会导致类型的歧视?进展带来了许多有趣的“道德、法律和社会问题”。Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
::伦理、法律和社会问题Biotechnology will tremendously impact our future - of this there is no doubt. Is society entering some dangerous areas? Well, many of these issues have never been analyzed until recently. With the discovery of countless amounts of genetic information and the of its applications, many ethical, legal and social issues ( ELSI ) need to be addressed. The ability to sequence and analyze one's genome is both of tremendous value and tremendous concern.
::毫无疑问,生物技术将对我们的未来产生巨大的影响。社会是否进入了一些危险地区?许多这些问题直到最近才得到分析。随着无数遗传信息及其应用的发现,许多伦理、法律和社会问题(ELSI)需要得到解决。对一个人的基因组进行排序和分析的能力既具有巨大的价值,又令人极为关切。Some ELSI issues (or questions) associated with the Human Genome Project are:
::与人类基因组项目有关的一些ELSI问题(或问题)是:-
Who should have access to personal genetic information and how will it be used?
::谁应有机会获得个人遗传信息,如何加以利用? -
Who owns and controls genetic information?
::谁拥有和控制基因信息? -
How does personal genetic information affect an individual and society's perceptions of that individual?
::个人遗传信息如何影响个人和社会对该个人的看法? -
How does genomic information affect members of minority communities?
::基因组信息如何影响少数群体成员? -
How reliable and useful is fetal genetic testing?
::胎儿基因检验如何可靠和有用? -
How will genetic tests be evaluated and regulated for accuracy, reliability, and utility?
::如何评价和规范基因检验的准确性、可靠性和效用? -
How do we prepare the public to make informed choices?
::我们如何使公众做好作出知情选择的准备? -
Should testing be performed when no treatment is available?
::在没有治疗方法时,是否应该进行测试? -
Should parents have the right to have their minor children tested for adult-onset diseases?
::父母是否有权让其未成年子女接受成人发病检查? -
Are genetic tests reliable and interpretable by the medical community?
::基因检验是否可靠和可由医学界解释? -
Where is the line between medical treatment and enhancement?
::医疗与改进之间的界限在哪里? -
Are genetically modified foods and other products safe for humans and the environment?
::转基因食品和其他产品对人类和环境是否安全? -
How will these technologies affect developing nations' dependence on the West?
::这些技术将如何影响发展中国家对西方的依赖? -
Who owns
genes
and other pieces of DNA?
::谁拥有基因和其他DNA? -
Will patenting DNA sequences limit their accessibility and development into useful products?
::DNA序列专利是否会限制其进入有用产品并发展成有用的产品?
Many of these questions will be argued for many years. Many of these questions can only be answered by the individual. Many of these questions need to be and are being addressed by governments.
::其中许多问题将争论多年,其中许多问题只能由个人回答,其中许多问题需要并正在由政府解决。Is scientific fantasies, such as those depicted on TV shows such as Star Trek or in the movie GATTACA, possible? Who can really say? How, really, will biotechnology affect our future? It seems as if the possibilities are endless.
::科学幻想,如《星际迷航》等电视节目或电影《关贸总协定》中所描述的科学幻想,是可能的吗?谁真的能说呢?生物技术将如何影响我们的未来?似乎可能性是无限的。Summary
::摘要-
ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues. This is a term associated with the Human Genome project.
::ELSI代表伦理、法律和社会问题,与人类基因组项目有关。 -
Rapid advances in DNA-based research, human genetics, and their applications have resulted in new and complex ethical and legal issues for society.
::基于DNA的研究、人类遗传学及其应用的迅速进展,给社会带来了新的和复杂的伦理和法律问题。 -
ELSI programs that identify and address these implications have been an integral part of the Human Genome Project since its inception. These programs have resulted in a body of work that promotes education and helps guide the conduct of genetic research and the development of related medical and public policies.
::自人类基因组项目启动以来,ELSI方案就一直是该项目的组成部分,其结果是开展了一系列工作,促进教育和帮助指导基因研究的开展以及有关的医疗和公共政策的制定。
Review
::回顾-
Describe why ELSI programs are important.
::说明ELSI方案为何重要。 -
List five significant ELSI issues.
::列出五种重要的ELSI问题。
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Who should have access to personal genetic information and how will it be used?
