11.3云
Section outline
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Where should you go if you don't want to see the Sun?
::如果你不想看到太阳,你应该去哪里?The region of the United States with the most days of heavy cloud cover is the Pacific Northwest. 62% of days have more than three-quarters of the sky covered in clouds in Seattle, Washington. Conditions are nearly the same in Portland, Oregon. The cloudiest city in the world is Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands, which only receives about 840 hours of sunshine per year . If you want to see fewer clouds, one of the sunniest cities in the world is Yuma, Arizona, with over 4000 hours of sunshine each year.
::美国是西雅图、华盛顿的云层覆盖了超过四分之三的天空,俄勒冈州波特兰的情况几乎相同,世界上最阴暗的城市是法罗群岛的Tórshavn,每年只有840小时的阳光。 如果你想看到较少的云,世界上最阳光的城市之一是亚利桑那州的尤马,每年有4000多小时的阳光。Clouds
::云云Clouds form when air in the atmosphere reaches the dew point . Clouds may form anywhere in the . Clouds that form on the ground are called .
::当大气中的空气到达露点时,云会形成云。云会形成于.地面上的云会被称为.。How Clouds Form
::云云如何形成Clouds form when water vapor condenses around particles in the air. The particles are specks of matter, such as dust or smoke. Billions of these tiny water droplets come together to make up a cloud. If the air is very cold, ice crystals form instead of liquid water.
::当水蒸气在空气中凝聚颗粒时,云会形成。这些粒子是物质的斑点,例如尘埃或烟雾。这些微小的水滴中有数十亿聚集在一起组成云层。如果空气非常寒冷,冰晶会形成,而不是液态水。Classification of Clouds
::云云分类Clouds are classified on the basis of where and how they form. Three main types of clouds are cirrus, stratus, and cumulus; there are other types of clouds, as well ( Figure ).
::云是按云体在何处和如何形成的分类的,主要有三种云,即环状云、斜云和积聚云;还有其他类型的云(图)。- Cirrus clouds form high in the troposphere. Because it is so cold they are made of ice crystals. They are thin and wispy. Cirrus clouds don’t usually produce , but they may be a sign that wet is coming.
::在对流层中,星云会高涨。 因为冰冷,它们是由冰晶制成的。 星云是薄的,微弱的。 星云通常不会产生,但可能是湿的信号。
- Stratus clouds occur low in the troposphere. They form in layers that spread horizontally and may cover the entire sky like a thick blanket. Stratus clouds that produce precipitation are called nimbostratus. The prefix nimbo- means “ rain .”
::斯特拉图斯云层在对流层低端出现。 云层由水平分布的层组成, 并可能像厚厚的毯子一样覆盖整个天空。 产生降水的斯特拉图斯云被称为 nimbostratus 。 前缀 nimbo 是指“ 雨 ” 。
- Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward, and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus.
::云是白的,云是肿的,对流的流使云向上增长,它们可能长得很高。当它们降下雨水的时候,它们就叫作结肠虫。
Find the cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus clouds in the figure. What do they have in common? They all form high in the troposphere. Clouds that form in the mid troposphere have the prefix “alto-”, as in altocumulus. Where do stratocumulus clouds form? Clouds and Temperature
::云和温度Clouds can affect the on Earth’s surface. During the day , thick clouds block some of the Sun’s rays. This keeps the surface from heating up as much as it would on a clear day. At night, thick clouds prevent heat from radiating out into space. This keeps the surface warmer than it would be on a clear night.
::云层可以影响地球表面。 在白天,厚云堵住了太阳的一些射线。 这使得表层在晴朗的白天保持热量。 在晚上,厚云能防止热向太空散热。 这让表层比晴朗的夜晚更暖和。Science Friday: Growing Snowflakes in a Bottle
::科学星期五:在瓶子里种植雪花Ever dreamed about making your own snowflakes? It turns out you can, using materials that you can easily obtain. In this video by Science Friday, physicist Ken Libbrecht describes how to build your own snowflake in a plastic bottle.
::曾经梦想过自己制作雪花吗? 事实证明,你可以使用你容易获得的材料。 物理学家Ken Libbrecht在Science Friday的这段影片中描述了如何在塑料瓶中建造自己的雪花。Summary
::摘要- Water vapor condenses on particles in the air to form clouds.
::水蒸气凝聚在空气中的微粒上以形成云层。
- Clouds block sunlight in the day. Clouds trap heat in the atmosphere at night.
::云层堵住白天的阳光 云层在夜晚将热量困在大气中
- Cloud types include cirrus, stratus, and cumulus.
::云型包括环状云、斜体云和积聚云。
Review
::回顾- What happens to turn water vapor into a cloud?
::如何将水蒸气变成云?
- What effects do clouds have on temperature?
::云对温度有什么影响?
- Compare and contrast cirrus, stratus, and cumulus clouds.
::对比和对比卷轴, stratus, 和积聚云。
- Cirrus clouds form high in the troposphere. Because it is so cold they are made of ice crystals. They are thin and wispy. Cirrus clouds don’t usually produce , but they may be a sign that wet is coming.
