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  • 句号结构:条款 - 独立和依附

    Language Sentence Structure:  Clauses--Independent and Dependent
    ::语文句号结构:条款 - 独立和独立

     

    Clauses--Independent and Dependent
    ::独立和依附条款

    Watch the following video:
    ::观看以下视频:

     

     

    Clause:  A group of words that has a subject and a predicate
    ::条款:一组有主题和前提的词组

    Simple Sentences are made of independent clauses.  They have:
    ::简单判决由独立条款组成,包括:

    • A subject
      ::主题主题
    • A verb
      ::A动动词
    • A capital letter
      ::英文大写字母
    • An end mark
      ::结束标记

    Example:  The dog is jumping happily.
    ::例如:狗跳起来很快乐。

    Compound sentences have:
    ::复合判决有:

    • Two or more independent clauses
      ::两个或两个以上独立条款
    • A conjunction or transition and/or proper punctuation
      ::结合或过渡和/或适当的标点
    • Capital letter
      ::英文大写
    • End mark
      ::结束标记

    Example:  The two dogs are sweet , but the cat is mean.
    ::举个例子:两只狗是甜的,但猫是卑鄙的。

    Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses.
    ::结合将词语、短语和条款连在一起。

    Coordinating Conjunctions join two independent clauses to create a compound sentence.
    ::协调会合并了两个独立条款,以设立一个复合句子。

    Coordinating Conjunctions- -FANBOYS--For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
    ::协调会合-FANBOYS-为, 也没有,但是,或者,现在,

    Correlative Conjunctions --either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, whether/or, 
    ::或,或, 或, 或, 或, 或, 或, 或, 或, , 不仅/ , 而且 , 不论/ 或,

    For sentence variety, use a compound sentence where the independent clauses are joined with a conjunctive adverb . This adds SPICE to your writing!
    ::对于句式种类,请使用复句,将独立条款与连带副词合并。这在您的文章中添加了SPICE! !

     

    Example:  Donna didn’t have the time to study for her test ; nevertheless, she still made a 100!
    ::举个例子:唐娜没有时间为测试而学习,

    Conjunctive Adverbs join two independent clauses to create a compound sentence structure.
    ::合并副词合并了两个独立条款,以建立一个复合句子结构。

    • Using CAs make your writing flow
      ::使用 CAS 使您的书写流流
    • Transition words that show how text is organized (text structure-compare and contrast, cause and effect, descriptive, sequential-chronological, problem and solution)
      ::显示文字组织方式的过渡词(文字结构比较和对比、因果关系、描述性、先后顺序、问题和解决办法)
    • Punctuation is different
      ::标点不同的是标点
    • Example:
      ::示例:
    • I really like English; therefore, I always spend extra time studying it.
      ::我很喜欢英语,因此,我总是花更多的时间学习英语。

    Conjunctive adverbs : consequently, in addition, also, therefore, however, furthermore, moreover, namely, similarly, in comparison, in contrast, surely, undoubtedly, and time order words 
    ::并附副词:因此,此外,也因此,此外,同样地,对比之下,毫无疑问,相近的副词和时间顺序的词

    An independent clause can be compared to a simple sentence.  It has a subject and a predicate, and  it makes sense on its own.  It is a complete thought.
    ::独立条款可以比作一个简单的句子。 它有一个主题和一个前提,它本身就有意义。 它是一个完整的想法。

    A dependent clause has a subject part and a predicate part, but it starts with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun .  Using one of those transition words changes the clause from independent to dependent.   
    ::附属条款有主题部分和上游部分,但从从附属联结或相对代名词开始。用其中的一个过渡词将该条款从独立改为依赖性。

    A dependent clause does NOT stand alone ; it doesn ’ t make sense by itself.
    ::依附条款并非孤立无援;

    Example:   Because she is pretty …   This is a dependent clause, and it needs an independent clause to help it to make sense.
    ::实例:因为她漂亮...

    Relative pronouns start adjective dependent clauses, and they modify nouns.
    ::相对的代名词开始产生形容性依赖条款, 它们修改名词。

    that, which, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose
    ::由谁、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、何人、

    Subordinate conjunctions start adverb clauses, and they modify verbs.
    ::子组合开始产生副动词条款,它们修改动词。

    after, although, as, because, before, if, since, so that, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while
    ::除非,除非,除非,除非,直至

    A dependent clause is put with an independent clause to create a complex sentence . Complex sentences have at least one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  Refer to Module One Language Reference Guide/Modifiers to find all the questions that you can ask to find adjectives and adverbs.  These questions help identify modifiers that are words, phrases, or clauses .
    ::复杂句子至少有一个独立条款和一个或多个独立条款。 参考“单一语言参考指南/修改者”模块查找所有问题,以便找到形容词和动词。这些问题有助于识别文字、短语或条款的修改者。

    Example One:   Because the students studied for the test, she made an A on it.
    ::例一:因为学生为考试而学习,她在上面做了A。

    Because starts the dependent clause .  A comma is put after the introductory dependent clause, and the independent clause follows.  It is also an adverb clause because it answers the question Why? about the verb.  Why did she make an A?  Because she studied-
    ::因为它回答了为什么?关于动词的问题。为什么她做了一个A?因为她学习过-

    Example Two:  The doll that is in the window is beautiful.
    ::例子二:窗口中的娃娃很漂亮。

    That starts the dependent clause .  It is an adjective clause because it answers the question Which? about the noun doll.  Which doll?  the one in the window-
    ::这是个形容词条款 因为它回答了"名人娃娃"的问题 哪个"名人娃娃" 哪个"洋娃娃" 窗口的那个"洋娃娃"

    Practice 1 :   Underline the independent clause in each sentence once and the dependent clause twice.
    ::做法1:强调每一句中的独立条款一次,从属条款两次。

    1. After he prepared the dough, Sheldon washed mushrooms, green peppers, and an onion.
      ::在他准备了面团后 Sheldon洗了蘑菇 绿胡椒和洋葱
    1. Before he peeled the onions, he chopped the green peppers into small chunks.
      ::在他剥洋葱之前 他把绿胡椒切成小块
    1. He then cooked the vegetables until they were tender.
      ::然后,他煮了蔬菜,直到蔬菜变嫩。
    1. I wanted to taste the vegetables because they smelled so good!
      ::我想尝尝蔬菜 因为它们闻起来好香!
    1. We had two bowls of ingredients until the waiter knocked one off the counter.
      ::我们有两碗原料 直到服务员把一碗从柜台打下来
    1. After everything was cooked, we made pizzas.
      ::一切都煮好了之后 我们做了披萨
    1. The topping was a mixture of three different cheeses when she finished putting it together.
      ::装饰是三种不同奶酪的混合体 当她整理完后
    1. Although I loved the pizza, I ate too much and felt sick.
      ::虽然我喜欢比萨饼,但我吃太多,感到恶心。
    1. I always love baking fresh pizza because it is better than store- bought pizza.
      ::我总是喜欢烤新鲜比萨饼 因为它比商店买的比萨饼好
    1. The children love pizza while the adults love steak.
      ::孩子们喜欢比萨饼 而成年人喜欢牛排

      Practice 2 :  Circle the word that is the clue to your sentence structure.  Next, underline the dependent clause that it starts.  Finally, write the clue word in the blank.
    ::练习 2: 圆 2: 圆 单词是您句子结构的线索 。 接下来, 突出它开始的依附条款 。 最后, 将线索单词写在空白中 。

    1. __________When people go to games, they enjoy popcorn and peanuts for a snack.
      ::当人们去玩游戏, 他们喜欢爆米花和花生做点心。
    2. __________If people enjoy baseball, they usually get tickets for the entire season.
      ::如果人们喜欢棒球, 他们通常会得到整个赛季的票。
    3. __________Because ballgames are fun, a large portion of the population attend them regularly.
      ::因为球赛很有趣, 大部分民众定期参加比赛。
    4. __________When the game starts, everyone sings “Take Me Out to the Ballgame” for the world to hear.
      ::当游戏开始的时候, 每个人都唱着“带我出去玩球游戏”,让世界听到。
    5. __________While some people love baseball, others love football.
      ::有些人喜欢棒球,而其他人则喜欢足球
    6. ­­­­­__________I love a good baseball game when it is a warm spring day.
      ::我喜欢一个好棒球比赛 当它是一个温暖的春天。
    7. __________Baseball is fun whenever you win.
      ::棒球是乐趣 当你赢了。
    8. __________After the game is over, I always look forward to the next game.
      ::游戏结束后 我总是期待下一场比赛
    9. __________The girl who loves animals adopted five dogs from the shelter.
      ::爱动物的女孩从收容所收养了五只狗。
    10. __________The dog that is wagging its tail is the happiest dog of all.
      ::摇尾巴的狗是最快乐的狗
    11. __________My teachers who are the greatest in the world did not give us any homework over the weekend.
      ::我的老师是世界上最伟大的 周末没有给我们做功课
    12. __________The lamp is on the table that is in the corner of the room.
      ::灯在桌子上 就在房间角落的桌子上
    13. __________The house that is on Orange Street is the largest in the subdivision.
      ::橙街上的房子是小区最大的
    14. __________The private school which has two gyms is located in Nashville.
      ::有两所健身房的私立学校位于纳什维尔。

    Practice 3 :  Using the sentences above, tell whether the dependent clause is an adverb clause or adjective clause.  Tell what the clause modifies.
    ::惯例3:使用上述句子,说明附属条款是对应条款还是形容条款。

    Example Sentence One :   When people go to games, they enjoy popcorn and peanuts for a snack.  
    ::例句一:当人们去玩游戏时,他们喜欢吃爆米花和花生当零食。

    When people go to games-dependent clause--adverb clause--answers the question When? about the verb--When do people enjoy (verb) ?  When they go to games
    ::当人们去玩以游戏为依存的条款-adverb 条款-回答问题的时候?关于动词-人们何时享受(动词)?当他们去玩游戏的时候

    Practice 4 :   Identify the sentence structure of each sentence with S for simple, CD for compound, and CX for complex.  Put the answer in the blank provided.
    ::做法4:确定每个句子的句子结构,S为简单句子,CD为复合语句,CX为复合语句。

    __________1.  She is such a great student.
    ::她是个好学生

    __________2.  The girls played basketball when they got home from school.
    ::2. 女孩放学回家时打篮球。

    __________3.  While she watched the fireworks show, her friends danced wildly to the background music.
    ::3. 当她看烟花节目时,她的朋友狂狂地跳着背景音乐。

    __________4.  I want to own a dog, but my mother wants a cat.
    ::四,我想养只狗,但我妈想养只猫

    __________5.  She walked; they ran.
    ::5. 她走路,他们跑了。

    __________6.  Because the baby was hungry, her mom fed her some milk.
    ::6. 因为孩子饿了,她妈妈给她喂了些牛奶。

    __________7.  The basketball court was slick from being mopped.
    ::7. 篮球场被打得一塌糊涂。

    __________8.  Mrs. Rader is such a great science teacher, and she really works hard for her students.
    ::8. 拉德夫人是一位伟大的科学教师,她为学生工作非常努力。