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  • 类似植物的原生者用途 -- -- 高级

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    Fresh seaweed salad?
    ::新鲜海藻沙拉?

    Yes, fresh seaweed salad is actually very healthy. Sea vegetables are virtually fat-free, low- calorie , and are one of the richest sources of minerals in the plant . All of the minerals required by humans, including calcium , sodium, magnesium, potassium, iodine, iron, and zinc are present in sufficient amounts in sea vegetables.
    ::是的,新鲜海藻沙拉实际上非常健康。 海洋蔬菜几乎是无脂肪、低卡路里,是植物中最丰富的矿物来源之一。 人类需要的所有矿物,包括钙、钠、镁、钾、碘、铁和锌,在海洋蔬菜中都有足够的数量。

    Human Uses of Plant-like Protists
    ::类似植物的原生人人的人类用途

    People have used seaweeds as food and fertilizer for hundreds of years. More recent uses of include use as a thickening agent for food and cosmetics, a bacterial growth medium, and for pollution control. Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of of algae for different uses.
    ::数百年来,人们一直把海藻用作食物和化肥,最近还利用海藻作为食品和化妆品、细菌生长介质以及污染控制的一种增厚剂。 藻类养殖是一种水产养殖形式,涉及不同用途的藻类养殖。

    Food
    ::食品食品食品

    Presumably, the first use of algae was food. The major users of seaweed as food are Japan, China, and Korea, where seaweed cultivation is a major industry. The main food species grown by aquaculture in these countries are Nori or Zicai ( Porphyra, a red alga), Kombu, Kunbu or Haidai ( Laminaria or Saccharina, which are brown algae) and Wakame ( Kelp , a brown alga). Nori is used to wrap up sushi, as shown in  Figure . Nori is one of the most valuable crops produced by aquaculture.
    ::据推测,藻类的首次使用是食物,海藻作为食物的主要使用者是日本、中国和韩国,海藻种植是日本、中国和韩国的主要产业,这些国家水产养殖的主要粮食品种是Nori或Zicai(Porphyra,红藻)、Kombu、Kunbu或Haidai(Lamina或Saccharina,棕藻类)和Wakame(Kelp,棕藻类),诺里用来包扎寿司,如图所示,诺里是水产养殖最有价值的作物之一。

    In most western countries consumption of seaweed is relatively low and there has not been great incentive to develop mass cultivation techniques. However, some seaweeds form part of the traditional diet of some Western European countries. Dulse, is a red algae (of the Palmaria genus) that is sold particularly in Ireland and Atlantic Canada.
    ::在大多数西方国家,海藻消费相对较低,发展大规模种植技术的动力不大,不过,有些海藻是西欧一些国家传统饮食的一部分,Dulse是一种红藻类(棕榈树属),特别是在爱尔兰和大西洋加拿大出售。

    Some food uses of seaweeds. The red algae nori is used to make sushi, it is the dark-green wrapping around the rice. Dulse or dillisk (Palmaria palmate) is a red alga. It is eaten raw, fresh, dried, or cooked like spinach.
    Some food uses of seaweeds. The red algae nori is used to make sushi, it is the dark-green wrapping around the rice.

    Fertilizer
    ::化肥

    For centuries seaweed has been used as a fertilizer. In days past, it was gathered from the seashore and spread on the land where it decomposed. The seaweed added nutrients and organic matter to the soil . Seaweed extract is also used as a fertilizer that can be sprayed into plants. It is also an excellent source of potassium for manufacture of potash and potassium nitrate.
    ::几个世纪以来,海藻一直被用作肥料,在过去几天里,海藻从海岸收集起来,散布在海水分解的土地上,海藻增加了土壤中的养分和有机物质,海藻提取物也被用作可喷洒到植物中的肥料,也是制造大麻和硝酸钾的极佳的钾来源。

    Industrial and Commercial Uses of Algae
    ::阿尔盖藻工业和商业用途

    The natural pigments produced by algae can be used as alternatives to chemical dyes and coloring agents. Many of the paper products used today are not recyclable, because of the chemical inks that they use, and paper recyclers have found that inks made from algae are much easier to break down. In the food industry there is also much interest in replacing the current coloring agents with coloring derived from algal pigments.
    ::藻类产生的天然颜料可以用作化学染色剂和彩色剂的替代品,今天使用的很多纸质产品无法回收,因为它们使用的是化学墨水,而纸张回收者发现用藻类制成的墨水更容易分解。 在食品工业中,人们也非常希望用藻类色素衍生的彩色剂取代目前的彩色剂。

    Chondrus crispus (carageenan) is used as a stabilizer in food products, to prevent food mixtures from separating. It is also used as a thickening agent in other products such as milkshakes, smoothies, toothpaste, ice-creams, petfoods, and cosmetics. Agar, the jelly-like substance that is used to grow in the , comes from red algae.
    ::Chondrus crispus(carageenan)是食品中的一种稳定剂,以防止食品混合物分离,它也被用作奶昔、冰淇淋、牙膏、冰淇淋、宠物食品和化妆品等其他产品中的一种增厚剂。 Agar是红藻类中生长的类似果冻的物质,来自红藻类。

    Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring, soft, chalk-like sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. It consists of fossilized remains of diatoms . Diatomaceous earth has many industrial uses. Its ability to absorb liquids and fats are used in cat litter and as an insecticide. The fine powder of the diatomaceous earth absorbs from the waxy outer layer of insects' exoskeletons, which causes the to dehydrate and die. Its fine particles allow it to be used as a filtration aid and as a mild abrasive. As it is also heat-resistant, it can be used as a thermal insulator.
    ::有色土是一种自然形成的软的、粉红色的沉积岩,很容易被碎成白色的精细岩石,变成白色的粉末,由地表的化石组成。有色土有许多工业用途。有色土吸收液体和脂肪的能力被用于猫的垃圾和杀虫剂。有色土的细粉末从昆虫外壳的蜡外层吸收,导致脱水和死亡。它的细微颗粒可以用作过滤辅助剂和温和的磨擦剂。它也是抗热的,可以用作热绝缘器。

    Energy Source
    ::能源来源 能源来源

    Algae can be grown to produce biomass for fuel. The algal fuel can then be burned to produce heat and electricity. Algae may also someday be a source of biodiesel and bioethanol. Currently, it is too expensive to do this on a large scale. However, researchers are hoping to develop this area of industry, especially as fossil fuel sources continue to decline. Algae can also be grown to produce hydrogen for fuel. In the late 1990s professor Anastasios Melis, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, discovered that if algae are not given the nutrient sulfur, the algae will switch from the production of oxygen (normal photosynthesis), to the production of hydrogen.
    ::藻类可以种植成燃料生物量,然后可以燃烧藻类燃料来生产热能和电能。藻类燃料也可能有一天成为生物柴油和生物乙醇的来源。目前,藻类价格太高,无法大规模生产。但是,研究人员希望开发这一工业领域,特别是随着化石燃料来源的不断下降,藻类也可以种植成燃料氢。1990年代末,加州大学伯克利分校的研究员Anastassios Melis教授发现,如果不给藻类提供养分硫,藻类将从氧(正常光合作用)生产转向氢生产。

    Algae Power
    ::阿尔藻动力

    The US Department of Energy explores algae's potential to become the future fuel. But will you ever be able to run your car off it? With additional research, you can.
    ::美国能源部探索藻类成为未来燃料的潜力。但你能把车开下来吗?通过更多的研究,你可以。

    Pollution Control
    ::污染控制 污染控制 污染控制 污染控制 污染控制 污染控制 污染控制 污染控制

    Algae are used in wastewater treatment facilities, reducing the need for greater amounts of toxic chemicals than are already used. Some algae can be used to capture fertilizers in runoff from farms. When harvested, the enriched algae itself can be used as fertilizer. Algae are used by some powerplants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The CO 2 can be pumped to where the algae feed, where it will be used by the algae as a reactant in .
    ::藻类用于废水处理设施,减少了对更多有毒化学品的需求,有些藻类可用于在农场径流中捕获肥料,收获后,浓缩藻类本身可用作肥料。藻类被一些电厂用来减少二氧化碳排放。二氧化碳可以抽到藻类饲料的地方,藻类将在那里用作反应剂。

    Summary
    ::摘要

    • People have used algae as food fertilizer for hundreds of years. More recent uses of algae include biodiesel fuel, thickening agent for food, bacterial growth medium, and pollution control.
      ::数百年来,人们一直将藻类用作食物肥料,最近对藻类的使用包括生物柴油燃料、食品增厚剂、细菌生长介质和污染控制。
    • Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae for different uses.
      ::藻类养殖是一种水产养殖形式,涉及不同用途的藻类品种的养殖。

    Review
    ::回顾

    1. What is algaculture?
      ::什么是藻类养殖?
    2. Why has seaweed been used as fertilizer for so long?
      ::为什么海藻这么长时间就被用作肥料?
    3. What is diatomaceous earth? What makes it so useful as an insecticide?
      ::何为二异形地球?它为何如此有用如杀虫剂?
    4. Which human cultures eat algae?
      ::哪些人类文化食用藻类?